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The race to heuristically solve non-deterministic polynomial-time (NP) problems through efficient methods is ongoing. Recently, optics was demonstrated as a promising tool to find the ground state of a spin-glass Ising Hamiltonian, which…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2022-03-14 Gianni Jacucci , Louis Delloye , Davide Pierangeli , Mushegh Rafayelyan , Claudio Conti , Sylvain Gigan

Many tasks in our modern life, such as planning an efficient travel, image processing and optimizing integrated circuit design, are modeled as complex combinatorial optimization problems with binary variables. Such problems can be mapped to…

We report a higher-order neuromorphic Ising machine that exhibits superior scalability compared to architectures based on quadratization, while also achieving state-of-the-art quality and reliability in solutions with competitive…

The coherent Ising machine (CIM) is a quantum-inspired computing platform that leverages optical parametric oscillation dynamics to solve combinatorial optimization problems by searching for the ground state of an Ising Hamiltonian.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-18 Yan Chen Jiang , Lu Ma , Chuan Wang , Tie Jun Wang

The need for solving optimization problems is prevalent in a wide range of physical applications, including neuroscience, network design, biological systems, socio-economics, and chemical reactions. Many of these are classified as…

Finding the ground state of spin glasses is a challenging problem with broad implications. Many hard optimization problems, including NP-complete problems, can be mapped, for instance, to the Ising spin glass model. We present a graph-based…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-05-05 Seyed Ehsan Ghasempouri , Gerhard W. Dueck , Stijn De Baerdemacker

Ising machines -- special-purpose hardware for heuristically solving Ising optimization problems -- based on probabilistic bits (p-bits) have been established as a promising alternative to heuristic optimization algorithms run on…

Combinatorial optimization problems are crucial in industry. However, many COPs are NP-hard, causing the search space to grow exponentially with problem size and rendering large-scale instances computationally intractable. Conventional…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Eiji Kawase , Shuta Kikuchi , Hideaki Tamai , Shu Tanaka

Ising computing provides a new computing paradigm for many hard combinatorial optimization problems. Ising computing essentially tries to solve the quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problem, which is also described by the Ising…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-08-02 Chase Cook , Wentian Jin , Sheldon X. -D. Tan

We propose a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm to compute approximate solutions of binary combinatorial problems. We employ a shallow-depth quantum circuit to implement a unitary and Hermitian operator that block-encodes the weighted…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-16 Natacha Kuete Meli , Florian Mannel , Jan Lellmann

Many computational problems are intractable through classical computing and, as Moore's law is drawing to a halt, demand for finding alternative methods in tackling these problems is growing. Here, we realize a liquid light machine for the…

The Ising machine is an unconventional computing architecture that can be used to solve NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems more efficiently than traditional von Neumann architectures. Fast, compact oscillator networks which provide…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-10-20 Brooke C. McGoldrick , Jonathan Z. Sun , Luqiao Liu

Conventional computing architectures have no known efficient algorithms for combinatorial optimization tasks, which are encountered in fundamental areas and real-world practical problems including logistics, social networks, and…

A prominent approach to solving combinatorial optimization problems on parallel hardware is Ising machines, i.e., hardware implementations of networks of interacting binary spin variables. Most Ising machines leverage second-order…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Connor Bybee , Denis Kleyko , Dmitri E. Nikonov , Amir Khosrowshahi , Bruno A. Olshausen , Friedrich T. Sommer

Optical simulators for the Ising model have demonstrated great promise for solving challenging problems in physics and beyond. Here, we develop a spatial optical simulator for a variety of classical statistical systems, including the clock,…

Optics · Physics 2024-12-19 Song-Tao Yu , Ming-Gen He , Sheng Fang , Youjin Deng , Zhen-Sheng Yuan

Optical Ising machines have emerged as a promising dynamical hardware solver for computational hard optimization problems. These Ising machines typically require an optical modulator to represent the analog spin variables of these problems.…

Applied Physics · Physics 2026-03-05 Toon Sevenants , Guy Van der Sande , Guy Verschaffelt

Ising machines based on analog systems have the potential of acceleration in solving ubiquitous combinatorial optimization problems. Although some artificial spins to support large-scale Ising machine is reported, e.g. superconducting…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-11-03 Qizhuang Cen , Tengfei Hao , Hao Ding , Shanhong Guan , Zhiqiang Qin , Kun Xu , Yitang Dai , Ming Li

Combinatorial optimization problems are ubiquitous in industrial applications. However, finding optimal or close-to-optimal solutions can often be extremely hard. Because some of these problems can be mapped to the ground-state search of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-04 Junpeng Hou , Amin Barzegar , Helmut G. Katzgraber

Optical computing often employs tailor-made hardware to implement specific algorithms, trading generality for improved performance in key aspects like speed and power efficiency. An important computing approach that is still missing its…

Combinatorial optimization has wide applications from industry to natural science. Ising machines bring an emerging computing paradigm for efficiently solving a combinatorial optimization problem by searching a ground state of a given Ising…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-07-16 Kentaro Ohno , Tatsuhiko Shirai , Nozomu Togawa