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The increasing computational demand of AI workloads has intensified the need for energy-efficient in-memory and near-memory computing architectures, particularly because data movement often consumes significantly more energy than…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Sarthak Antal , Steve Enosh

Analog crossbar arrays consisting of emerging memory devices can greatly alleviate the computational strain required by vector matrix multiplications for neural network applications. The ability to produce spin orbit torque-magnetic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-11-05 Samuel Liu , Chen-Yu Hu , Ming-Yuan Song , Xinyu Bao , Jean Anne C. Incorvia

Neural networks are an increasingly attractive algorithm for natural language processing and pattern recognition. Deep networks with >50M parameters are made possible by modern GPU clusters operating at <50 pJ per op and more recently,…

The utilization of two-dimensional (2D) materials in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) has shown excellent performance and rich physics. As for 2D antiferromagnets, the magnetic moments in different layers respond asynchronously and can be…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-12-04 Xiaolin Ren , Ruizi Liu , Yiyang Zhang , Yuting Liu , Xuezhao Wu , Kun Qian , Kenji Watanabe , Takashi Taniguchi , Qiming Shao

Dream of developing molecule-based logic and memory device is more than 70-year-old. Presently, molecule-based devices are also considered for quantum computation hardware. The recent studies have shown the molecule connected to metal leads…

Materials Science · Physics 2019-12-04 Pawan Tyagi , Edwards Friebe , Collin Baker

The growth in data needs of modern applications has created significant challenges for modern systems leading a "memory wall." Spintronic Domain Wall Memory (DWM), related to Spin-Transfer Torque Memory (STT-MRAM), provides near-SRAM…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Sebastien Ollivier , Stephen Longofono , Prayash Dutta , Jingtong Hu , Sanjukta Bhanja , Alex K. Jones

We comment on both recent progress and lingering puzzles related to research on magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). MTJs are already being used in applications such as magnetic-field sensors in the read heads of disk drives, and they may also…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-13 J. Z. Sun , D. C. Ralph

Flexible electronic devices require the integration of multiple crucial components on soft substrates to achieve their functions. In particular, memory devices are the fundamental component for data storage and processing in flexible…

Materials Science · Physics 2016-03-15 Li Ming Loong , Wonho Lee , Xuepeng Qiu , Ping Yang , Hiroyo Kawai , Mark Saeys , Jong-Hyun Ahn , Hyunsoo Yang

Neuromorphic computing with spintronic devices has been of interest due to the limitations of CMOS-driven von Neumann computing. Domain wall-magnetic tunnel junction (DW-MTJ) devices have been shown to be able to intrinsically capture…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-05-05 Samuel Liu , Christopher H. Bennett , Joseph S. Friedman , Matthew J. Marinella , David Paydarfar , Jean Anne C. Incorvia

Artificial neural networks are a valuable tool for radio-frequency (RF) signal classification in many applications, but digitization of analog signals and the use of general purpose hardware non-optimized for training make the process slow…

Synaptic memory is considered to be the main element responsible for learning and cognition in humans. Although traditionally non-volatile long-term plasticity changes have been implemented in nanoelectronic synapses for neuromorphic…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2017-12-20 Abhronil Sengupta , Kaushik Roy

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) based magnetic random access memory (MRAM) is envisioned as an emerging non-volatile memory due to its ultra-high speed and low power consumption. The field-free switching schema in SOT devices is of great interest…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-07-03 Min Wang , Zhaohao Wang , Chao Wang , Weisheng Zhao

The desire to empower resource-limited edge devices with computer vision (CV) must overcome the high energy consumption of collecting and processing vast sensory data. To address the challenge, this work proposes an energy-efficient…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Md Abdullah-Al Kaiser , Gourav Datta , Peter A. Beerel , Akhilesh R. Jaiswal

Content addressable memory is popular in intelligent computing systems as it allows parallel content-searching in memory. Emerging CAMs show a promising increase in bitcell density and a decrease in power consumption than pure CMOS…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-17 Yihan Pan , Adrian Wheeldon , Mohammed Mughal , Shady Agwa , Themis Prodromakis , Alexantrou Serb

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are key elements in practical spintronics, enabling not only conventional tasks such as data storage, transmission, and processing but also the implementation of compute-in-memory processing elements,…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-12-09 Maksim Stebliy , Alex Jenkins , Luana Benetti , Ricardo Ferreira

There is an urgent need to enhance the storage density of memory devices to accommodate the exponentially increasing amount of data generated by humankind. In this work, we describe Magnonic Combinatorial Memory (MCM), where the bits of…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-09-15 Mykhaylo Balinskiy , Paulo Julio , Jeffrey Vargas , Diana Balaguer , Alexander Khitun

Voltage-induced dynamic switching in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) is a writing technique for voltage-controlled magnetoresistive random access memory (VCMRAM), which is expected to be an ultimate non-volatile memory with ultra-low power…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-11-15 Rie Matsumoto , Shinji Yuasa , Hiroshi Imamura

Naturally random devices that exploit ambient thermal noise have recently attracted attention as hardware primitives for accelerating probabilistic computing applications. One such approach is to use a low barrier nanomagnet as the free…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-05-05 Kerem Y. Camsari , Mustafa Mert Torunbalci , William A. Borders , Hideo Ohno , Shunsuke Fukami

We present spintronic devices based hardware implementation of UNet for segmentation tasks. Our approach involves designing hardware for convolution, deconvolution, rectified activation function (ReLU), and max pooling layers of the UNet…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Venkatesh Vadde , Bhaskaran Muralidharan , Abhishek Sharma

The figures-of-merit for reservoir computing (RC), using spintronics devices called magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), are evaluated. RC is a type of recurrent neural network. The input information is stored in certain parts of the…