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Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is a fundamental coordination problem in large-scale robotic and cyber-physical systems, where multiple agents must compute conflict-free trajectories with limited computational and communication resources.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-10 Kevin Riehl , Julius Schlapbach , Anastasios Kouvelas , Michail A. Makridis

Multi-agent path finding (MAPF) is well-studied in artificial intelligence, robotics, theoretical computer science and operations research. We discuss issues that arise when generalizing MAPF methods to real-world scenarios and four…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-02-21 Hang Ma , Sven Koenig , Nora Ayanian , Liron Cohen , Wolfgang Hoenig , T. K. Satish Kumar , Tansel Uras , Hong Xu , Craig Tovey , Guni Sharon

Multi-agent pathfinding (MAPF) is the problem of finding collision-free paths for a team of agents on a map. Although MAPF is NP-hard, the hardness of solving individual instances varies significantly, revealing a gap between theoretical…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Jingyao Ren , Eric Ewing , T. K. Satish Kumar , Sven Koenig , Nora Ayanian

Multi-Agent Combinatorial Path Finding (MCPF) seeks collision-free paths for multiple agents from their initial locations to destinations, visiting a set of intermediate target locations in the middle of the paths, while minimizing the sum…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Yuanhang Zhang , Xuemian Wu , Hesheng Wang , Zhongqiang Ren

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is the problem of finding a set of collision-free paths, one for each agent in a shared environment. Its objective is to minimize the sum of path costs (SOC), where the path cost of each agent is defined as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Shao-Hung Chan , Thomy Phan , Jiaoyang Li , Sven Koenig

In the Multiagent Path Finding problem (MAPF for short), we focus on efficiently finding non-colliding paths for a set of $k$ agents on a given graph $G$, where each agent seeks a path from its source vertex to a target. An important…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Foivos Fioravantes , Dušan Knop , Jan Matyáš Křišťan , Nikolaos Melissinos , Michal Opler

Cooperative pathfinding is a problem of finding a set of non-conflicting trajectories for a number of mobile agents. Its applications include planning for teams of mobile robots, such as autonomous aircrafts, cars, or underwater vehicles.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2013-02-13 Michal Čáp , Peter Novák , Jiří Vokřínek , Michal Pěchouček

Multi-agent path finding (MAPF) is the problem of finding paths for multiple agents such that they do not collide. This problem manifests in numerous real-world applications such as controlling transportation robots in automated warehouses,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Carmel Shabalin , Omri Kaduri , Roni Stern

Multi-robot systems are integral to modern logistics, but their capabilities are often limited to tasks executable by individual agents. This paper addresses a critical gap in existing frameworks like Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Ning Zhou , Nikolai W. F. Bode , Edmund R. Hunt

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is a challenging combinatorial problem that asks us to plan collision-free paths for a team of cooperative agents. In this work, we show that one of the reasons why MAPF is so hard to solve is due to a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Jiaoyang Li , Daniel Harabor , Peter J. Stuckey , Sven Koenig

Multi-agent path finding (MAPF) attracts considerable attention in artificial intelligence community as well as in robotics, and other fields such as warehouse logistics. The task in the standard MAPF is to find paths through which agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Pavel Surynek

Multi-agent target assignment and path planning (TAPF) are two key problems in intelligent warehouse. However, most literature only addresses one of these two problems separately. In this study, we propose a method to simultaneously solve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Qi Liu , Jianqi Gao , Dongjie Zhu , Zhongjian Qiao , Pengbin Chen , Jingxiang Guo , Yanjie Li

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) has been widely studied in recent years. However, most existing MAPF algorithms assume that an agent occupies only a single grid in a grid-based map. This assumption limits their applicability in many…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Zhuo Yao

We study two state-of-the-art solutions to the multi-agent pickup and delivery (MAPD) problem based on different principles -- multi-agent path-finding (MAPF) and multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). Specifically, a recent MAPF…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Tim Tsz-Kit Lau , Biswa Sengupta

Recent work on the multi-agent pathfinding problem (MAPF) has begun to study agents with motion that is more complex, for example, with non-unit action durations and kinematic constraints. An important aspect of MAPF is collision detection.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-11-18 Thayne T. Walker , Nathan R. Sturtevant

We formalize and study the multi-goal task assignment and path finding (MG-TAPF) problem from theoretical and algorithmic perspectives. The MG-TAPF problem is to compute an assignment of tasks to agents, where each task consists of a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Xinyi Zhong , Jiaoyang Li , Sven Koenig , Hang Ma

We propose a distributed planning method with asynchronous execution for multi-agent pickup and delivery (MAPD) problems for environments with occasional delays in agents' activities and flexible endpoints. MAPD is a crucial problem…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Yuki Miyashita , Tomoki Yamauchi , Toshiharu Sugawara

In this paper, we study the multi-robot task assignment and path-finding problem (MRTAPF), where a number of agents are required to visit all given goal locations while avoiding collisions with each other. We propose a novel two-layer…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Yifan Bai , Christoforos Kanellakis , George Nikolakopoulos

In this paper we study a challenging variant of the multi-agent pathfinding problem (MAPF), when a set of agents must reach a set of goal locations, but it does not matter which agent reaches a specific goal - Anonymous MAPF (AMAPF).…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Stepan Dergachev , Konstantin Yakovlev

Transfer Learning has shown great potential to enhance single-agent Reinforcement Learning (RL) efficiency. Similarly, Multiagent RL (MARL) can also be accelerated if agents can share knowledge with each other. However, it remains a problem…