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The radial acceleration relation (RAR) is a tight empirical correlation between the observed radial acceleration (a_tot) and the baryonic radial acceleration (a_bar) measured across galaxy radii: these two accelerations start to deviate…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-20 B. I. Ciocan , N. F. Bouché , J. Fensch , D. Krajnović , J. Freundlich , H. Desmond , B. Famaey , R. Techi

Recently, the discovery of the radial acceleration relation (RAR) in galaxies has been regarded as an indirect support of alternative theories of gravity such as Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) and modified gravity. This relation…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-04-15 Man Ho Chan , Antonino Del Popolo

Gravitational wave sources with electromagnetic counterparts have highlighted the need for predictive, interpretable models linking the parameters of compact binary systems to post-merger remnants and mass outflows. In this work, we explore…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-13 P. Darc , Clecio R. Bom , Charles Kilpatrick , Bernardo M. O. Fraga , Gabriel S. M. Teixeira

We introduce 'Class Symbolic Regression' (Class SR) a first framework for automatically finding a single analytical functional form that accurately fits multiple datasets - each realization being governed by its own (possibly) unique set of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Wassim Tenachi , Rodrigo Ibata , Thibaut L. François , Foivos I. Diakogiannis

Symbolic regression (SR) has emerged as a powerful method for uncovering interpretable mathematical relationships from data, offering a novel route to both scientific discovery and efficient empirical modelling. This article introduces the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Deaglan J. Bartlett , Harry Desmond , Pedro G. Ferreira , Gabriel Kronberger

The tight radial acceleration relation (RAR) obeyed by rotationally supported disk galaxies is one of the most successful a priori predictions of the modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) paradigm on galaxy scales. Another important…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-02-02 J. Freundlich , B. Famaey , P. -A. Oria , M. Bílek , O. Müller , R. Ibata

Symbolic regression (SR) aims to discover concise closed-form mathematical equations from data, a task fundamental to scientific discovery. However, the problem is highly challenging because closed-form equations lie in a complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Samuel Holt , Zhaozhi Qian , Mihaela van der Schaar

General relativity (GR) is the most successful theory of gravity, with great observational support on local scales. However, to keep GR valid over cosmic scales, some phenomena (such as flat galaxy rotation curves and the cosmic expansion…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-12 Robert Monjo , Indranil Banik

The thermal history of the Universe is introduced within the Debye Gravitational Theory (DGT), a thermodynamic theory of induced gravity, and allows to obtain the evolution of systems with the redshift. DGT reproduce the ESO VLT…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-04-18 Carlos E. Navia

Symbolic regression is a powerful tool for knowledge discovery, enabling the extraction of interpretable mathematical expressions directly from data. However, conventional symbolic discovery typically follows an end-to-end, "one-step"…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Mingkun Xia , Weiwei Zhang

Recently, symbolic regression (SR) has demonstrated its efficiency for discovering basic governing relations in physical systems. A major impact can be potentially achieved by coupling symbolic regression with asymptotic methodology. The…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Rasul Abdusalamov , Julius Kaplunov , Mikhail Itskov

Recent analysis \citep{McGaugh2016} of the SPARC galaxy sample found a surprisingly tight relation between the radial acceleration inferred from the rotation curves, and the acceleration due to the baryonic components of the disc. It has…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-02-16 B. W. Keller , J. W. Wadsley

The structure of dark matter haloes is often described by radial density profiles motivated by cosmological simulations. These are typically assumed to have a fixed functional form (e.g. NFW), with some free parameters that can be…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-09 Alicia Martín , Tariq Yasin , Deaglan J. Bartlett , Harry Desmond , Pedro G. Ferreira

McGaugh et al. (2016) have used their extensive SPARC sample to update the well-known mass-discrepancy-acceleration relation (MDAR), which is one of the major predicted "MOND laws". This is not a newly discovered relation. Rather, it…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-10-10 Mordehai Milgrom

Symbolic regression seeks to uncover physical laws from experimental data by searching for closed-form expressions, which is an important task in AI-driven scientific discovery. Yet the exponential growth of the search space of expression…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Nan Jiang , Ziyi Wang , Yexiang Xue

During the 2016 International Workshop on Astronomy and Relativistic Astrophysics (IWARA), the question was raised as to if conformal gravity could explain the timely result of McGaugh et. al. 2016 which showed a universal nature found in…

General Physics · Physics 2019-04-10 James G. O'Brien , Thomas L. Chiarelli , Mark A. Falcone , Muhannad H. AlQurashi

The galaxy luminosity and stellar mass function (LF, SMF), and halo mass function (HMF), are fundamental quantities in astrophysics and crucial inputs to a range of astrophysical and cosmological analyses. They are typically parametrised by…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-04-28 Amelia Ford , Harry Desmond , Deaglan J Bartlett , Pedro G Ferreira

Symbolic Regression (SR) offers an interpretable alternative to conventional Machine-Learning (ML) approaches, which are often criticized as ``black boxes''. In contrast to standard regression models that require a prescribed functional…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Theofanis Aravanis , Grigorios Chrimatopoulos , Mohammad Ferdows , Michalis Xenos , Efstratios Em Tzirtzilakis

The Aether-Scalar-Tensor (AeST) theory is an extension of General Relativity (GR) which can support Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) behaviour in its static weak-field limit, and cosmological evolution resembling $\Lambda$CDM. We consider…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-05 Amel Durakovic , Constantinos Skordis

Dark matter haloes are typically characterised by radial density profiles with fixed forms motivated by simulations (e.g. NFW). However, simulation predictions depend on uncertain dark matter physics and baryonic modelling. Here, we present…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-10 Alicia Martín , Tariq Yasin , Deaglan J. Bartlett , Harry Desmond , Pedro G. Ferreira