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A sunflower with $k$ petals, or $k$-sunflower, is a family of $k$ sets every two of which have a common intersection. Known since 1960, the sunflower conjecture states that a family ${\mathcal F}$ of sets each of cardinality $m$ includes a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-28 Junichiro Fukuyama

We demonstrate the truth of the sunflower conjecture by showing that a family $\mathcal{F}$ of sets each of cardinality at most $m$ includes a $k$-sunflower, if $|\mathcal{F}| > ( c k )^{2m}$ for a constant $c>0$ independent of $m$ and $k$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-29 Junichiro Fukuyama

We show that a family $\mathcal{F}$ of sets each of cardinality $m \in \mathbb{Z}_{>2}$ includes a $k$-sunflower if $ |\mathcal{F}| \ge \left( \frac{c k^2 \ln m}{\ln \ln m} \right)^m$ for some constant $c>0$, where $k$-sunflower means a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-03 Junichiro Fukuyama

A collection of $k$ sets is said to form a $k$-sunflower, or $\Delta$-system, if the intersection of any two sets from the collection is the same, and we call a family of sets $\mathcal{F}$ sunflower-free if it contains no sunflowers.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-13 Eric Naslund , William F. Sawin

Given a family $\mathcal F$ of $k$-element sets, $S_1,\ldots,S_r\in\mathcal F$ form an {\em $r$-sunflower} if $S_i \cap S_j =S_{i'} \cap S_{j'}$ for all $i \neq j$ and $i' \neq j'$. According to a famous conjecture of Erd\H os and Rado…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-29 Jacob Fox , Janos Pach , Andrew Suk

Let $f(k,r,s)$ stand for the least number so that if $\cal F$ is an arbitrary $k$-uniform, $L$-intersecting set system, where $|L|=s$, and $\cal F$ has more than $f(k,r,s)$ elements, then $\cal F$ contains a sunflower with $r$ petals. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-10-10 Gábor Hegedűs

A sunflower is a collection of distinct sets such that the intersection of any two of them is the same as the common intersection $C$ of all of them, and $|C|$ is smaller than each of the sets. A longstanding conjecture due to Erd\H{o}s and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-29 Dhruv Mubayi , Lujia Wang

A sunflower is a collection of sets $\{U_1,\ldots, U_n\}$ such that the pairwise intersection $U_i\cap U_j$ is the same for all choices of distinct $i$ and $j$. We study sunflowers of convex open sets in $\mathbb R^d$, and provide a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-19 R. Amzi Jeffs

We combine here Tao's slice-rank bounding method and Gr\"obner basis techniques and apply here to the Erd\H{o}s-Rado Sunflower Conjecture. Let $\frac{3k}{2}\leq n\leq 3k$ be integers. We prove that if $\mbox{$\cal F$}$ be a $k$-uniform…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-17 Gábor Hegedüs

A sunflower with $r$ petals is a collection of $r$ sets over a ground set $X$ such that every element in $X$ is in no set, every set, or exactly one set. Erd\H{o}s and Rado \cite{er} showed that a family of sets of size $n$ contains a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-20 Jeremy Chizewer

We call an infinite structure $\mathcal{M}$ sunflowerable if whenever $\mathcal{M}'$ is isomorphic to $\mathcal{M}$ with underlying set $M'$, consisting of finite sets of bounded size, there is an $M_0 \subseteq M'$ such that $M_0$ is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-29 Nathanael Ackerman , Mary Leah Karker , Mostafa Mirabi

A sunflower with a core $Y$ is a family ${\cal B}$ of sets such that $U \cap U' = Y$ for each two different elements $U$ and $U'$ in ${\cal B}$. The well-known sunflower lemma states that a given family ${\cal F}$ of sets, each of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-09-23 Junichiro Fukuyama

Sunflowers, or $\Delta$-systems, are a fundamental concept in combinatorics introduced by Erd\H{o}s and Rado in their paper: {\em Intersection theorems for systems of sets}, J. Lond. Math. Soc. (1) {\bf 35} (1960), 85--90. A sunflower is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-19 Anup Rao

We call a family of $s$ sets $\{F_1, \ldots, F_s\}$ a \textit{sunflower with $s$ petals} if, for any distinct $i, j \in [s]$, one has $F_i \cap F_j = \cap_{u = 1}^s F_u$. The set $C = \cap_{u = 1}^s F_u$ is called the {\it core} of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-23 Andrey Kupavskii , Fedor Noskov

We present some problems and results about variants of sunflowers in families of sets. In particular, we improve an upper bound of the first author, K\"orner and Monti on the maximum number of binary vectors of length $n$ so that every four…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-10-14 Noga Alon , Ron Holzman

Extending the notion of sunflowers, we call a family of at least two sets an odd-sunflower if every element of the underlying set is contained in an odd number of sets or in none of them. It follows from the Erd\H os--Szemer\'edi…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-22 Peter Frankl , János Pach , Dömötör Pálvölgyi

Alon, Shpilka and Umans considered the following version of usual sunflower-free subset: a subset $\mbox{$\cal F$}\subseteq \{1,\ldots ,D\}^n$ for $D>2$ is sunflower-free if for every distinct triple $x,y,z\in \mbox{$\cal F$}$ there exists…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-05-14 Gábor Hegedűs

A family of $r$ distinct sets $\{A_1,\ldots, A_r\}$ is an $r$-sunflower if for all $1 \leqslant i < j \leqslant r$ and $1 \leqslant i' < j' \leqslant r$, we have $A_i \cap A_j = A_{i'} \cap A_{j'}$. Erd\H{o}s and Rado conjectured in 1960…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-25 József Balogh , Anton Bernshteyn , Michelle Delcourt , Asaf Ferber , Huy Tuan Pham

A family of sets F is said to be union-closed if A \cup B is in F for every A and B in F. Frankl's conjecture states that given any finite union-closed family of sets, not all empty, there exists an element contained in at least half of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Robert Morris

Let $k>1$, and let $\mathcal{F}$ be a family of $2n+k-3$ non-empty sets of edges in a bipartite graph. If the union of every $k$ members of $\mathcal{F}$ contains a matching of size $n$, then there exists an $\mathcal{F}$-rainbow matching…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-30 Ron Aharoni , Joseph Briggs , Minho Cho , Jinha Kim
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