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Deep reinforcement learning agents, trained on raw pixel inputs, often fail to generalize beyond their training environments, relying on spurious correlations and irrelevant background details. To address this issue, object-centric agents…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Jannis Blüml , Cedric Derstroff , Bjarne Gregori , Elisabeth Dillies , Quentin Delfosse , Kristian Kersting

Inspired by recent work in attention models for image captioning and question answering, we present a soft attention model for the reinforcement learning domain. This model uses a soft, top-down attention mechanism to create a bottleneck in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Alex Mott , Daniel Zoran , Mike Chrzanowski , Daan Wierstra , Danilo J. Rezende

Bottom-Up (BU) saliency models do not perform well in complex interactive environments where humans are actively engaged in tasks (e.g., sandwich making and playing the video games). In this paper, we leverage Reinforcement Learning (RL) to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-02-21 Sajad Mousavi , Michael Schukat , Enda Howley , Ali Borji , Nasser Mozayani

World models learn behaviors in a latent imagination space to enhance the sample-efficiency of deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. While learning world models for high-dimensional observations (e.g., pixel inputs) has become…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Axel Brunnbauer , Luigi Berducci , Andreas Brandstätter , Mathias Lechner , Ramin Hasani , Daniela Rus , Radu Grosu

Urban autonomous driving decision making is challenging due to complex road geometry and multi-agent interactions. Current decision making methods are mostly manually designing the driving policy, which might result in sub-optimal solutions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Jianyu Chen , Bodi Yuan , Masayoshi Tomizuka

Despite the fact that deep reinforcement learning (RL) has surpassed human-level performances in various tasks, it still has several fundamental challenges. First, most RL methods require intensive data from the exploration of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Zhe Xu , Bo Wu , Aditya Ojha , Daniel Neider , Ufuk Topcu

Training sophisticated agents for optimal decision-making under uncertainty has been key to the rapid development of modern autonomous systems across fields. Notably, model-free reinforcement learning (RL) has enabled decision-making agents…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Thomas Banker , Ali Mesbah

When learning to behave in a stochastic environment where safety is critical, such as driving a vehicle in traffic, it is natural for human drivers to plan fallback strategies as a backup to use if ever there is an unexpected change in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Ugo Lecerf , Christelle Yemdji-Tchassi , Sébastien Aubert , Pietro Michiardi

In the last decade, deep learning has achieved great success in machine learning tasks where the input data is represented with different levels of abstractions. Driven by the recent research in reinforcement learning using deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Dejan Markovikj

Reward-free reinforcement learning (RL) is a framework which is suitable for both the batch RL setting and the setting where there are many reward functions of interest. During the exploration phase, an agent collects samples without using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Ruosong Wang , Simon S. Du , Lin F. Yang , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

The learning process of a reinforcement learning (RL) agent remains poorly understood beyond the mathematical formulation of its learning algorithm. To address this gap, we introduce attention-oriented metrics (ATOMs) to investigate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Charlotte Beylier , Simon M. Hofmann , Nico Scherf

Advances in reinforcement learning (RL) often rely on massive compute resources and remain notoriously sample inefficient. In contrast, the human brain is able to efficiently learn effective control strategies using limited resources. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Burcu Küçükoğlu , Walraaf Borkent , Bodo Rueckauer , Nasir Ahmad , Umut Güçlü , Marcel van Gerven

The field of reinforcement learning (RL) is facing increasingly challenging domains with combinatorial complexity. For an RL agent to address these challenges, it is essential that it can plan effectively. Prior work has typically utilized…

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms can learn complex policies to optimize agent operation over time. RL algorithms have shown promising results in solving complicated problems in recent years. However, their application on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Hamed Khorasgani , Haiyan Wang , Chetan Gupta , Susumu Serita

Traditional reinforcement learning agents learn from experience, past or present, gained through interaction with their environment. Our approach synthesizes experience, without requiring an agent to interact with their environment, by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-01 Chris R. Serrano , Michael A. Warren

Learning from Demonstrations (LfD) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) have enabled robot agents to accomplish complex tasks. Reward Machines (RMs) enhance RL's capability to train policies over extended time horizons by structuring high-level…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Mattijs Baert , Sam Leroux , Pieter Simoens

It is common to implicitly assume access to intelligently captured inputs (e.g., photos from a human photographer), yet autonomously capturing good observations is itself a major challenge. We address the problem of learning to look around:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-12-22 Dinesh Jayaraman , Kristen Grauman

Understanding the behavior of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) agents -particularly as task and agent sophistication increase- requires more than simple comparison of reward curves, yet standard methods for behavioral analysis remain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Riley Simmons-Edler , Ryan P. Badman , Felix Baastad Berg , Raymond Chua , John J. Vastola , Joshua Lunger , William Qian , Kanaka Rajan

In this paper we present our scientific discovery that good representation can be learned via continuous attention during the interaction between Unsupervised Learning(UL) and Reinforcement Learning(RL) modules driven by intrinsic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-03 Liang Zhao , Wei Xu

Reinforcement learning (RL) is an effective approach to motion planning in autonomous driving, where an optimal driving policy can be automatically learned using the interaction data with the environment. Nevertheless, the reward function…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Lin-Chi Wu , Zengjie Zhang , Sofie Haesaert , Zhiqiang Ma , Zhiyong Sun