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Related papers: Certified randomness in tight space

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The security of any cryptographic scheme relies on access to random number generators. Device-independently certified random number generators provide maximum security as one can discard the presence of an intruder by considering only the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-13 Shubhayan Sarkar

We propose an application for near-term quantum devices: namely, generating cryptographically certified random bits, to use (for example) in proof-of-stake cryptocurrencies. Our protocol repurposes the existing "quantum supremacy"…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-06 Scott Aaronson , Shih-Han Hung

In recent decades, quantum technologies have made significant strides toward achieving quantum utility. However, practical applications are hindered by challenges related to scaling the number of qubits and the depth of circuits. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-01 Pingal Pratyush Nath , Aninda Sinha , Urbasi Sinha

From dice to modern complex circuits, there have been many attempts to build increasingly better devices to generate random numbers. Today, randomness is fundamental to security and cryptographic systems, as well as safeguarding privacy. A…

Certified randomness guaranteed to be unpredictable by adversaries is central to information security. The fundamental randomness inherent in quantum physics makes certification possible from devices that are only weakly characterised, i.e.…

Randomness certification is a foundational and practical aspect of quantum information science, essential for securing quantum communication protocols. Traditionally, these protocols have been implemented and validated with a single…

Quantum Random Number Generators provide true physical randomness based on quantum processes, essential for cryptographic and scientific applications. However, practical implementations face challenges in robustness and verifiability:…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-31 Rodrigo Piera , Gianluca De Santis , Agustin Sanchez , Yury Kurochkin , James A. Grieve

The generation of random numbers is a task of paramount importance in modern science. A central problem for both classical and quantum randomness generation is to estimate the entropy of the data generated by a given device. Here we present…

Randomness is intrinsic to quantum mechanics; the outcome of a measurement on a quantum state is a random variable. This feature has been applied to randomness certification, where one party must decide whether the data they receive is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Liam P. McGuinness

A remarkable aspect of quantum theory is that certain measurement outcomes are entirely unpredictable to all possible observers. Such quantum events can be harnessed to generate numbers whose randomness is asserted based upon the underlying…

While quantum computers have the potential to perform a wide range of practically important tasks beyond the capabilities of classical computers, realizing this potential remains a challenge. One such task is to use an untrusted remote…

Quantum measurements under realistic conditions reveal only partial information about a system. Yet, by performing sequential measurements on the same system, additional information can be accessed. We investigate this problem in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-23 Carles Roch I Carceller , Hanwool Lee , Jonatan Bohr Brask , Kieran Flatt , Joonwoo Bae

Single-photon entanglement is a peculiar type of entanglement in which two or more degrees of freedom of a single photon are correlated quantum-mechanically. Here, we demonstrate a photonic integrated chip (PIC) able to generate and…

Device-independent quantum random number generators (DI-QRNGs) are crucial for information processing, ensuring certified quantumness and genuine randomness. However, existing implementations often face low bit rates due to quantumness…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-25 Ayan Kumar Nai , Vimlesh Kumar , M. Ebrahim-Zadeh , G. K. Samanta

While it has recently been demonstrated how to certify the maximal amount of randomness from any pure two-qubit entangled state in a device-independent way [E. Woodhead et al., Phys. Rev. Research 2, 042028(R)(2020)], the problem of optimal…

We demonstrate to what extent many copies of maximally entangled two-qubit states enable for generating a greater amount of certified randomness than that can be certified from a single copy. Although it appears that greater the dimension…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-02 Shyam Sundar Mahato , A. K. Pan

Certifying the entanglement of quantum states with Bell inequalities allows one to guarantee the security of quantum information protocols independently of imperfections in the measuring devices. Here we present a similar procedure for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-19 Adam Bennet , Tamás Vértesi , Dylan J. Saunders , Nicolas Brunner , G. J. Pryde

We introduce a protocol through which a pair of quantum mechanical devices may be used to generate n bits of true randomness from a seed of O(log n) uniform bits. The bits generated are certifiably random based only on a simple statistical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-28 Umesh V. Vazirani , Thomas Vidick

Brakerski et. al [BCM+18] introduced the model of cryptographic testing of a single untrusted quantum device and gave a protocol for certifiable randomness generation. We use the leakage resilience properties of the Learning With Errors…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-26 Urmila Mahadev , Umesh Vazirani , Thomas Vidick

The ability to produce random numbers that are unknown to any outside party is crucial for many applications. Device-independent randomness generation does not require trusted devices and therefore provides strong guarantees of the security…