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Sleep state classification is vital in managing and understanding sleep patterns and is generally the first step in identifying acute or chronic sleep disorders. However, it is essential to do this without affecting the natural environment…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-19 Nemath Ahmed , Aashit Singh , Srivyshnav KS , Gulshan Kumar , Gaurav Parchani , Vibhor Saran

Unsupervised structure learning in high-dimensional time series data has attracted a lot of research interests. For example, segmenting and labelling high dimensional time series can be helpful in behavior understanding and medical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-25 Hao Liu , Haoli Bai , Lirong He , Zenglin Xu

Existing sequence prediction methods are mostly concerned with time-independent sequences, in which the actual time span between events is irrelevant and the distance between events is simply the difference between their order positions in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-23 Yang Li , Nan Du , Samy Bengio

Deep learning has revolutionized many industries by enabling models to automatically learn complex patterns from raw data, reducing dependence on manual feature engineering. However, deep learning algorithms are sensitive to input data, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Mert Sehri , Zehui Hua , Francisco de Assis Boldt , Patrick Dumond

Sleep staging is essential for the assessment of sleep quality and the diagnosis of sleep-related disorders. Conventional polysomnography (PSG), while considered the gold standard, is intrusive, labor-intensive, and unsuitable for long-term…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-21 Zhuo Diao , Yueting Li , Jianpeng Wang , Shengyu Guan , Xinwei Wang , Wenxiong Cui , Xin Shi , Tong Liu , Kailai Sun , Jingyu Wang , Dian Fan , Thomas Penzel

Automatic sleep staging is a critical task in healthcare due to the global prevalence of sleep disorders. This study focuses on single-channel electroencephalography (EEG), a practical and widely available signal for automatic sleep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Amirali Vakili , Salar Jahanshiri , Armin Salimi-Badr

Despite their success, convolutional neural networks are computationally expensive because they must examine all image locations. Stochastic attention-based models have been shown to improve computational efficiency at test time, but they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-09-24 Jimmy Ba , Roger Grosse , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Brendan Frey

We propose a Bayesian model for extracting sleep patterns from smartphone events. Our method is able to identify individuals' daily sleep periods and their evolution over time, and provides an estimation of the probability of sleep and wake…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2017-02-08 Andrea Cuttone , Per Bækgaard , Vedran Sekara , Håkan Jonsson , Jakob Eg Larsen , Sune Lehmann

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a complex signal and can require several years of training to be correctly interpreted. Recently, deep learning (DL) has shown great promise in helping make sense of EEG signals due to its capacity to learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Yannick Roy , Hubert Banville , Isabela Albuquerque , Alexandre Gramfort , Tiago H. Falk , Jocelyn Faubert

Sleep signals from a polysomnographic database are sequences in nature. Commonly employed analysis and classification methods, however, ignored this fact and treated the sleep signals as non-sequence data. Treating the sleep signals as…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-10-07 Intan Nurma Yulita , Mohamad Ivan Fanany , Aniati Murni Arymurthy

We propose a novel method called Long Expressive Memory (LEM) for learning long-term sequential dependencies. LEM is gradient-based, it can efficiently process sequential tasks with very long-term dependencies, and it is sufficiently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-28 T. Konstantin Rusch , Siddhartha Mishra , N. Benjamin Erichson , Michael W. Mahoney

Deep learning is widely used in the most recent automatic sleep scoring algorithms. Its popularity stems from its excellent performance and from its ability to directly process raw signals and to learn feature from the data. Most of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Luigi Fiorillo , Paolo Favaro , Francesca Dalia Faraci

Sleep disorder is one of many neurological diseases that can affect greatly the quality of daily life. It is very burdensome to manually classify the sleep stages to detect sleep disorders. Therefore, the automatic sleep stage…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-05-13 Hyeong-Jin Kim , Minji Lee , Seong-Whan Lee

Humans are efficient continual learning systems; we continually learn new skills from birth with finite cells and resources. Our learning is highly optimized both in terms of capacity and time while not suffering from catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Philip J. Ball , Yingzhen Li , Angus Lamb , Cheng Zhang

Sleep stages play an important role in identifying sleep patterns and diagnosing sleep disorders. In this study, we present an automated sleep stage classifier called the Attentive Dilated Convolutional Neural Network (AttDiCNN), which uses…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-08 Md Jobayer , Md Mehedi Hasan Shawon , Tasfin Mahmud , Md. Borhan Uddin Antor , Arshad M. Chowdhury

In current clinical practice, electroencephalograms (EEG) are reviewed and analyzed by well-trained neurologists to provide supports for therapeutic decisions. The way of manual reviewing is labor-intensive and error prone. Automatic and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-06-07 Xinghua Yao , Qiang Cheng , Guo-Qiang Zhang

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with dilated filters such as the Wavenet or the Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) have shown good results in a variety of sequence modelling tasks. However, efficiently modelling long-term…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-18 Daniel Stoller , Mi Tian , Sebastian Ewert , Simon Dixon

Sleep staging is a key method for assessing sleep quality and diagnosing sleep disorders. However, current deep learning methods face challenges: 1) postfusion techniques ignore the varying contributions of different modalities; 2)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Chenjun Zhao , Xuesen Niu , Xinglin Yu , Long Chen , Na Lv , Huiyu Zhou , Aite Zhao

Finding visual features and suitable models for lipreading tasks that are more complex than a well-constrained vocabulary has proven challenging. This paper explores state-of-the-art Deep Neural Network architectures for lipreading based on…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-05-31 George Sterpu , Christian Saam , Naomi Harte

Accurate sleep stage classification is crucial for diagnosing sleep disorders and evaluating sleep quality. While polysomnography (PSG) remains the gold standard, photoplethysmography (PPG) is more practical due to its affordability and…