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Formal specification is widely employed in the construction of high-quality software. However, there is often a huge gap between formal specification and actual implementation. While there is already a vast body of work on software testing…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2012-03-29 Zhiqiang Ren , Hongwei Xi

Deductive verification is an effective method to ensure that a given system exposes the intended behavior. In spite of its proven usefulness and feasibility in selected projects, deductive verification is still not a mainstream technique.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Lea Salome Brugger , Xavier Denis , Peter Müller

Deductive verification of software has not yet found its way into industry, as complexity and scalability issues require highly specialized experts. The long-term perspective is, however, to develop verification tools aiding industrial…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-11-28 Alexander Knüppel , Thomas Thüm , Carsten Pardylla , Ina Schaefer

Over the past 27 years, quantum computing has seen a huge rise in interest from both academia and industry. At the current rate, quantum computers are growing in size rapidly backed up by the increase of research in the field. Significant…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Marco Lewis , Sadegh Soudjani , Paolo Zuliani

Dafny is a verification-aware programming language that allows developers to formally specify their programs and prove them correct. Currently, a Dafny program is compiled in two steps: First, a backend translates the input program to a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Daniel Nezamabadi , Magnus Myreen

Context: The complexity of modern safety-critical systems in industries keep on increasing due to the rising number of features and functionalities. This calls for formal methods in order to entrust confidence in such systems. Nevertheless,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Arut Prakash Kaleeswaran , Arne Nordmann , Thomas Vogel , Lars Grunske

Formal verification is the next frontier for ensuring the correctness of code generated by Large Language Models (LLMs). While methods that co-generate code and formal specifications in formal languages, like Dafny, can, in principle, prove…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Lingfei Zeng , Fengdi Che , Xuhan Huang , Fei Ye , Xu Xu , Binhang Yuan , Jie Fu

Although formal methods are capable of producing reliable software, they have seen minimal adoption in everyday programming. Automatic code generation using large language models is becoming increasingly widespread, but it rarely considers…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Aleksandr Shefer , Igor Engel , Stanislav Alekseev , Daniil Berezun , Ekaterina Verbitskaia , Anton Podkopaev

Formal verification techniques have been playing an important role in pre-silicon validation processes. One of the most important points considered in performing formal verification is to define good verification scopes; we should define…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-11-09 Yasushi Umezawa , Takeshi Shimizu

Software Model Checkers have shown outstanding performance improvements in recent times. Moreover, for specific use cases, formal verification techniques have shown to be highly effective, leading to a number of high-profile success…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-06-14 Rodrigo Castaño , Victor Braberman , Diego Garbervetsky , Sebastian Uchitel

Traditionally, practitioners use formal methods pre-dominately for one half of the quality-assurance process: verification (do we build the software right?). The other half -- validation (do we build the right software?) -- has been given…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Atif Mashkoor , Michael Leuschel , Alexander Egyed

The current verification flow of complex systems uses different engines synergistically: virtual prototyping, formal verification, simulation, emulation and FPGA prototyping. However, none is able to verify a complete architecture.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-02-12 Tomas Grimm , Djones Lettnin , Michael Hübner

Software verification is a complex problem, and verification tools need significant tuning to achieve high performance. Due to this, many verifiers choose to specialize on reachability properties, or invest the time to implement known…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Dirk Beyer , Marek Jankola , Marian Lingsch-Rosenfeld , Tian Xia , Xiyue Zheng

[Context and motivation] When developing software, coordination between different organizational units is essential in order to develop a good quality product, on time and within budget. Particularly, the synchronization between…

Autonomous systems -- such as self-driving cars, autonomous drones, and automated trains -- must come with strong safety guarantees. Over the past decade, techniques based on formal methods have enjoyed some success in providing strong…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Nathan Fulton , Nathan Hunt , Nghia Hoang , Subhro Das

The Message Passing Interface (MPI) is widely used in parallel, high-performance programming, yet writing bug-free software that uses MPI remains difficult. We introduce DafnyMPI, a novel, scalable approach to formally verifying MPI…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Aleksandr Fedchin , Antero Mejr , Hari Sundar , Jeffrey S. Foster

Formal verification tools are often developed by experts for experts; as a result, their usability by programmers with little formal methods experience may be severely limited. In this paper, we discuss this general phenomenon with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-08-20 Carlo A. Furia , Christopher M. Poskitt , Julian Tschannen

This paper is a brief introduction to our recently initiated project named VERIFAI: Traceability and verification of natural language requirements. The project addresses the challenges in the traceability and verification of formal…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Arshad Beg , Diarmuid O'Donoghue , Rosemary Monahan

Recent advances in the field of Business Process Management have brought about several suites able to model complex data objects along with the traditional control flow perspective. Nonetheless, when it comes to formal verification there is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Riccardo De Masellis , Chiara Di Francescomarino , Chiara Ghidini , Sergio Tessaris

Software testing ensures that a system functions correctly, meets specified requirements, and maintains high quality. As artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML) technologies become integral to software systems, testing has evolved…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Ronnie de Souza Santos , Matheus de Morais Leca , Reydne Santos , Cleyton Magalhaes