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In offline model-based optimization, we strive to maximize a black-box objective function by only leveraging a static dataset of designs and their scores. This problem setting arises in numerous fields including the design of materials,…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Can Chen , Yingxue Zhang , Jie Fu , Xue Liu , Mark Coates

We study offline model-based optimization to maximize a black-box objective function with a static dataset of designs and scores. These designs encompass a variety of domains, including materials, robots and DNA sequences. A common approach…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Can Chen , Christopher Beckham , Zixuan Liu , Xue Liu , Christopher Pal

Designing biological sequences with desired properties is challenging due to vast search spaces and limited evaluation budgets. Although reinforcement learning methods use proxy models for rapid reward evaluation, insufficient training data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Hyeonah Kim , Minsu Kim , Taeyoung Yun , Sanghyeok Choi , Emmanuel Bengio , Alex Hernández-García , Jinkyoo Park

We study offline black-box optimization (BBO), aiming to discover improved designs from an offline dataset of designs and labels, a problem common in robotics, DNA, and materials science with limited labeled samples. While recent work…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zipeng Sun , Can Chen , Ye Yuan , Haolun Wu , Jiayao Gu , Christopher Pal , Xue Liu

Offline model-based optimization aims to find a design that maximizes a property of interest using only an offline dataset, with applications in robot, protein, and molecule design, among others. A prevalent approach is gradient ascent,…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Ye Yuan , Can Chen , Zixuan Liu , Willie Neiswanger , Xue Liu

We study the problem of optimizing biological sequences, e.g., proteins, DNA, and RNA, to maximize a black-box score function that is only evaluated in an offline dataset. We propose a novel solution, bootstrapped training of…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-26 Minsu Kim , Federico Berto , Sungsoo Ahn , Jinkyoo Park

Offline black-box optimization aims to maximize a black-box function using an offline dataset of designs and their measured properties. Two main approaches have emerged: the forward approach, which learns a mapping from input to its value,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Can Sam Chen , Christopher Beckham , Zixuan Liu , Xue Liu , Christopher Pal

Offline black-box optimization (BBO) aims to find optimal designs based solely on an offline dataset of designs and their labels. Such scenarios frequently arise in domains like DNA sequence design and robotics, where only a few labeled…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Ye Yuan , Can , Chen , Zipeng Sun , Dinghuai Zhang , Christopher Pal , Xue Liu

Offline optimization is a fundamental challenge in science and engineering, where the goal is to optimize black-box functions using only offline datasets. This setting is particularly relevant when querying the objective function is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Minsu Kim , Jiayao Gu , Ye Yuan , Taeyoung Yun , Zixuan Liu , Yoshua Bengio , Can Chen

As deep neural networks are increasingly deployed in dynamic, real-world environments, relying on a single static model is often insufficient. Changes in input data distributions caused by sensor drift or lighting variations necessitate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Matteo Cardoni , Sam Leroux

This study proposes a novel biologically-motivated learning method for deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The combination of CNNs and back propagation (BP) learning is the most powerful method in recent machine learning regimes.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-01-07 Takashi Shinozaki

Optimizing complex and high-dimensional black-box functions is ubiquitous in science and engineering fields. Unfortunately, the online evaluation of these functions is restricted due to time and safety constraints in most cases. In offline…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Taeyoung Yun , Sujin Yun , Jaewoo Lee , Jinkyoo Park

Offline model-based optimization (MBO) seeks to discover high-performing designs using only a fixed dataset of past evaluations. Most existing methods rely on learning a surrogate model via regression and implicitly assume that good…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Shen-Huan Lyu , Rong-Xi Tan , Ke Xue , Yi-Xiao He , Yu Huang , Qingfu Zhang , Chao Qian

Offline design optimization problem arises in numerous science and engineering applications including material and chemical design, where expensive online experimentation necessitates the use of in silico surrogate functions to predict and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Minh Hoang , Azza Fadhel , Aryan Deshwal , Janardhan Rao Doppa , Trong Nghia Hoang

Biological neural networks are equipped with an inherent capability to continuously adapt through online learning. This aspect remains in stark contrast to learning with error backpropagation through time (BPTT) applied to recurrent neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-09 Thomas Bohnstingl , Stanisław Woźniak , Wolfgang Maass , Angeliki Pantazi , Evangelos Eleftheriou

Prior work on language model pre-training has explored different architectures and learning objectives, but differences in data, hyperparameters and evaluation make a principled comparison difficult. In this work, we focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Mikel Artetxe , Jingfei Du , Naman Goyal , Luke Zettlemoyer , Ves Stoyanov

This paper addresses the challenges of mining latent patterns and modeling contextual dependencies in complex sequence data. A sequence pattern mining algorithm is proposed by integrating Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Tao Yang , Yu Cheng , Yaokun Ren , Yujia Lou , Minggu Wei , Honghui Xin

Black-box model-based optimization (MBO) problems, where the goal is to find a design input that maximizes an unknown objective function, are ubiquitous in a wide range of domains, such as the design of proteins, DNA sequences, aircraft,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Brandon Trabucco , Xinyang Geng , Aviral Kumar , Sergey Levine

Offline model-based optimization (MBO) aims to identify a design that maximizes a black-box function using only a fixed, pre-collected dataset of designs and their corresponding scores. A common approach in offline MBO is to train a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Rong-Xi Tan , Ke Xue , Shen-Huan Lyu , Haopu Shang , Yao Wang , Yaoyuan Wang , Sheng Fu , Chao Qian

RNA design, the task of finding a sequence that folds into a target secondary structure, has broad biological and biomedical impact but remains computationally challenging due to the exponentially large sequence space and exponentially many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Milan Gautam , Ning Dai , Tianshuo Zhou , Bowen Xie , David Mathews , Liang Huang
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