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In this paper, we explore the approximation theory of functions defined on graphs. Our study builds upon the approximation results derived from the $K$-functional. We establish a theoretical framework to assess the lower bounds of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Guangrui Yang , Jianfei Li , Ming Li , Han Feng , Ding-Xuan Zhou

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown success in learning from graph structured data containing node/edge feature information, with application to social networks, recommendation, fraud detection and knowledge graph reasoning. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Xiang Song , Runjie Ma , Jiahang Li , Muhan Zhang , David Paul Wipf

Modern neural networks have shown promise for solving partial differential equations over surfaces, often by discretizing the surface as a mesh and learning with a mesh-aware graph neural network. However, graph neural networks suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Edward Berman , Luisa Li , Jung Yeon Park , Robin Walters

Collaborative filtering methods based on graph neural networks (GNNs) have witnessed significant success in recommender systems (RS), capitalizing on their ability to capture collaborative signals within intricate user-item relationships…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Wei Wu , Chao Wang , Dazhong Shen , Chuan Qin , Liyi Chen , Hui Xiong

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) revolutionize machine learning for graph-structured data, effectively capturing complex relationships. They disseminate information through interconnected nodes, but long-range interactions face challenges known…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Singh Akansha

Message Passing Neural Networks (MPNNs) hold a key position in machine learning on graphs, but they struggle with unintended behaviors, such as over-smoothing and over-squashing, due to irregular data structures. The observation and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Junhyun Lee , Veronika Thost , Bumsoo Kim , Jaewoo Kang , Tengfei Ma

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become powerful tools for learning from graph-structured data, finding applications across diverse domains. However, as graph sizes and connectivity increase, standard GNN training methods face significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Eshed Gal , Moshe Eliasof , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb , Ivan I. Kyrchei , Eldad Haber , Eran Treister

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown advantages in various graph-based applications. Most existing GNNs assume strong homophily of graph structure and apply permutation-invariant local aggregation of neighbors to learn a representation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Tianmeng Yang , Yujing Wang , Zhihan Yue , Yaming Yang , Yunhai Tong , Jing Bai

Graph neural networks (GNNs) learn the representation of graph-structured data, and their expressiveness can be further enhanced by inferring node relations for propagation. Attention-based GNNs infer neighbor importance to manipulate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Soo Yong Lee , Fanchen Bu , Jaemin Yoo , Kijung Shin

Graph neural networks compute node representations by performing multiple message-passing steps that consist in local aggregations of node features. Having deep models that can leverage longer-range interactions between nodes is hindered by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Alessio Micheli , Domenico Tortorella

This paper presents a novel graph-based deep learning model for tasks involving relations between two nodes (edge-centric tasks), where the focus lies on predicting relationships and interactions between pairs of nodes rather than node…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Eugenio Borzone , Leandro Di Persia , Matias Gerard

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have demonstrated remarkable success in graph representation learning, and various sampling approaches have been proposed to scale GNNs to applications with large-scale graphs. A class of promising GNN training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Rui Xue , Tong Zhao , Neil Shah , Xiaorui Liu

This paper presents an analytical study of the oversmoothing issue in diffusion-based Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). Generalizing beyond extant approaches grounded in random walk analysis or particle systems, we approach this problem through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Weichen Zhao , Chenguang Wang , Xinyan Wang , Congying Han , Tiande Guo , Tianshu Yu

Message passing has evolved as an effective tool for designing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). However, most existing methods for message passing simply sum or average all the neighboring features to update node representations. They are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Rui Yang , Wenrui Dai , Chenglin Li , Junni Zou , Hongkai Xiong

Recently, graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown prominent performance in graph representation learning by leveraging knowledge from both graph structure and node features. However, most of them have two major limitations. First, GNNs can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Wentao Zhang , Zeang Sheng , Mingyu Yang , Yang Li , Yu Shen , Zhi Yang , Bin Cui

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved strong performance in various applications. In the real world, network data is usually formed in a streaming fashion. The distributions of patterns that refer to neighborhood information of nodes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Junshan Wang , Guojie Song , Yi Wu , Liang Wang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are known to be vulnerable to oversmoothing due to their implicit homophily assumption. We mitigate this problem with a novel scheme that regulates the aggregation of messages, modulating the type and extent of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Haishan Wang , Arno Solin , Vikas Garg

Graph Neural Network (GNN), with the main idea of encoding graph structure information of graphs by propagation and aggregation, has developed rapidly. It achieved excellent performance in representation learning of multiple types of graphs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Yushan Zhu , Wen Zhang , Yajing Xu , Zhen Yao , Mingyang Chen , Huajun Chen

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) with equivariant properties have achieved significant success in modeling complex dynamic systems and molecular properties. However, their expressiveness ability is limited by: (1) Existing methods often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yingxu Wang , Nan Yin , Mingyan Xiao , Xinhao Yi , Siwei Liu , Shangsong Liang

The recent introduction of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and their growing popularity in the past few years has enabled the application of deep learning algorithms to non-Euclidean, graph-structured data. GNNs have achieved state-of-the-art…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Tuomas P. Oikarinen , Daniel C. Hannah , Sohrob Kazerounian