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Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) are used to identify global patterns in solar and space data. PCA seeks orthogonal modes of the two-point correlation matrix constructed from a data set. It…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 A. C. Cadavid , J. K. Lawrence , A. Ruzmaikin

Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most commonly used statistical procedures with a wide range of applications. This paper considers both minimax and adaptive estimation of the principal subspace in the high dimensional…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-01-08 T. Tony Cai , Zongming Ma , Yihong Wu

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a popular method for dimension reduction and has attracted an unfailing interest for decades. More recently, kernel PCA (KPCA) has emerged as an extension of PCA but, despite its use in practice, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-25 Maxime Haddouche , Benjamin Guedj , John Shawe-Taylor

Incorporating covariates into functional principal component analysis (PCA) can substantially improve the representation efficiency of the principal components and predictive performance. However, many existing functional PCA methods do not…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-22 Fei Ding , Shiyuan He , David E. Jones , Jianhua Z. Huang

The Min-Max Fair PCA problem seeks a low-rank representation of multi-group data such that the the approximation error is as balanced as possible across groups. Existing approaches to this problem return a rank-$d$ fair subspace, but lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Antonis Matakos , Martino Ciaperoni , Heikki Mannila

In this paper, we develop an algorithm for federated principal component analysis (PCA) with emphases on both communication efficiency and data privacy. Generally speaking, federated PCA algorithms based on direct adaptations of classic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-29 Lei Wang , Xin Liu , Yin Zhang

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and its nonlinear extension Kernel PCA (KPCA) are widely used across science and industry for data analysis and dimensionality reduction. Modern deep learning tools have achieved great empirical success,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Francesco Tonin , Qinghua Tao , Panagiotis Patrinos , Johan A. K. Suykens

Principal component analysis (PCA) is widely used for dimensionality reduction, with well-documented merits in various applications involving high-dimensional data, including computer vision, preference measurement, and bioinformatics. In…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-10-01 Gonzalo Mateos , Georgios B. Giannakis

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a pivotal technique widely utilized in the realms of machine learning and data analysis. It aims to reduce the dimensionality of a dataset while minimizing the loss of information. In recent years,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Xirong Ma

In the era of big data, reducing data dimensionality is critical in many areas of science. Widely used Principal Component Analysis (PCA) addresses this problem by computing a low dimensional data embedding that maximally explain variance…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-02-24 Soheil Feizi , David Tse

Principal component analysis (PCA) is perhaps the most widely used method for data dimensionality reduction. A key question in PCA is deciding how many factors to retain. This manuscript describes a new approach to automatically selecting…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-10 Enes Makalic , Daniel F. Schmidt

Principal component analysis (PCA) is very popular to perform dimension reduction. The selection of the number of significant components is essential but often based on some practical heuristics depending on the application. Only few works…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-09-19 Clément Elvira , Pierre Chainais , Nicolas Dobigeon

Principal components analysis (PCA) is a standard tool for identifying good low-dimensional approximations to data in high dimension. Many data sets of interest contain private or sensitive information about individuals. Algorithms which…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-08-09 Kamalika Chaudhuri , Anand D. Sarwate , Kaushik Sinha

Despite the advances of deep learning in specific tasks using images, the principled assessment of image fidelity and similarity is still a critical ability to develop. As it has been shown that Mean Squared Error (MSE) is insufficient for…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-27 Benyamin Ghojogh , Fakhri Karray , Mark Crowley

We consider the 2-Wasserstein space of probability measures supported on the unit-circle, and propose a framework for Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for data living in such a space. We build on a detailed investigation of the optimal…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-04-06 Mario Beraha , Matteo Pegoraro

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a fundamental tool in multivariate statistics, yet its sensitivity to outliers and limitations in distributed environments restrict its effectiveness in modern large-scale applications. To address these…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-16 Hung Hung , Zhi-Yu Jou , Su-Yun Huang , Shinto Eguchi

Classical Principal Component Analysis (PCA) approximates data in terms of projections on a small number of orthogonal vectors. There are simple procedures to efficiently compute various functions of the data from the PCA approximation. The…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-07-26 Guihong Wan , Crystal Maung , Haim Schweitzer

We consider Fair Principal Component Analysis (FPCA) and search for a low dimensional subspace that spans multiple target vectors in a fair manner. FPCA is defined as a non-concave maximization of the worst projected target norm within a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Gad Zalcberg , Ami Wiesel

Principal component analysis (PCA), the most popular dimension-reduction technique, has been used to analyze high-dimensional data in many areas. It discovers the homogeneity within the data and creates a reduced feature space to capture as…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-24 Daning Bi , Le Chang , Yanrong Yang

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a dimension reduction technique. It produces inconsistent estimators when the dimensionality is moderate to high, which is often the problem in modern large-scale applications where algorithm…

Computation · Statistics 2016-01-29 Qiaoya Zhang , Yiyuan She