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Modern therapeutic antibody design often involves composing multi-part assemblages of individual functional domains, each of which may be derived from a different source or engineered independently. While these complex formats can expand…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Jiayi Xin , Aniruddh Raghu , Nick Bhattacharya , Adam Carr , Melanie Montgomery , Hunter Elliott

Protein language models (pLMs) have emerged as powerful predictors of protein structure and function. However, the computational circuits underlying their predictions remain poorly understood. Recent mechanistic interpretability methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Darin Tsui , Kunal Talreja , Daniel Saeedi , Amirali Aghazadeh

In recent decades, antibodies have emerged as indispensable therapeutics for combating diseases, particularly viral infections. However, their development has been hindered by limited structural information and labor-intensive engineering…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-09-01 Hongtai Jing , Zhengtao Gao , Sheng Xu , Tao Shen , Zhangzhi Peng , Shwai He , Tao You , Shuang Ye , Wei Lin , Siqi Sun

While GAN is a powerful model for generating images, its inability to infer a latent space directly limits its use in applications requiring an encoder. Our paper presents a simple architectural setup that combines the generative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Yuri Feigin , Hedva Spitzer , Raja Giryes

Predicting which proteins interact together from amino-acid sequences is an important task. We develop a method to pair interacting protein sequences which leverages the power of protein language models trained on multiple sequence…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-30 Umberto Lupo , Damiano Sgarbossa , Anne-Florence Bitbol

This work investigates the applicability of recent generative Large Language Models (LLMs), such as the GPT series and Flan-T5, to ontology alignment for identifying concept equivalence mappings across ontologies. To test the zero-shot…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Yuan He , Jiaoyan Chen , Hang Dong , Ian Horrocks

Designing ligand-binding proteins, such as enzymes and biosensors, is essential in bioengineering and protein biology. One critical step in this process involves designing protein pockets, the protein interface binding with the ligand.…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-01 Zaixi Zhang , Marinka Zitnik , Qi Liu

Learning effective protein representations is critical in a variety of tasks in biology such as predicting protein functions. Recent sequence representation learning methods based on Protein Language Models (PLMs) excel in sequence-based…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-10-19 Zuobai Zhang , Chuanrui Wang , Minghao Xu , Vijil Chenthamarakshan , Aurélie Lozano , Payel Das , Jian Tang

Recent advances in protein language models have catalyzed significant progress in peptide sequence representation. Despite extensive exploration in this field, pre-trained models tailored for peptide-specific needs remain largely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Ruochi Zhang , Haoran Wu , Chang Liu , Huaping Li , Yuqian Wu , Kewei Li , Yifan Wang , Yifan Deng , Jiahui Chen , Fengfeng Zhou , Xin Gao

Protein language models (pLMs) produce per-residue representations that capture evolutionary and structural information, yet their mean-pooled sequence embeddings are not explicitly trained to reflect functional, evolutionary or structural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Dan Ofer , Oriel Perets , Michal Linial , Nadav Rappoport

Is there a foreign language describing protein sequences and structures simultaneously? Protein structures, represented by continuous 3D points, have long posed a challenge due to the contrasting modeling paradigms of discrete sequences. To…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Zhangyang Gao , Cheng Tan , Stan Z. Li

Recent advancements in immune sequencing and experimental techniques are generating extensive T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire data, enabling the development of models to predict TCR binding specificity. Despite the computational challenges…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-24 Anna Weber , Aurélien Pélissier , María Rodríguez Martínez

Controlled text generation is a very important task in the arena of natural language processing due to its promising applications. In order to achieve this task we mainly introduce the novel soft prompt tuning method of using soft prompts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Damith Chamalke Senadeera , Julia Ive

A plethora of protein language models have been released in recent years. Yet comparatively little work has addressed how to best sample from them to optimize desired biological properties. We fill this gap by proposing a flexible,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Calvin McCarter , Nick Bhattacharya , Sebastian W. Ober , Hunter Elliott

Unsupervised learning of generative models has seen tremendous progress over recent years, in particular due to generative adversarial networks (GANs), variational autoencoders, and flow-based models. GANs have dramatically improved sample…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-06 Thomas Lucas , Konstantin Shmelkov , Karteek Alahari , Cordelia Schmid , Jakob Verbeek

Generative machine learning models are increasingly being used to design novel proteins for therapeutic and biotechnological applications. However, the current methods mostly focus on the design of proteins with a fixed backbone structure,…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-04 Petr Kouba , Joan Planas-Iglesias , Jiri Damborsky , Jiri Sedlar , Stanislav Mazurenko , Josef Sivic

Breast cancer's complexity and variability pose significant challenges in understanding its progression and guiding effective treatment. This study aims to integrate protein sequence data with expression levels to improve the molecular…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-31 Hossein Sholehrasa , Majid Jaberi-Douraki

Motivated by the success of T5 (Text-To-Text Transfer Transformer) in pre-trained natural language processing models, we propose a unified-modal SpeechT5 framework that explores the encoder-decoder pre-training for self-supervised…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-25 Junyi Ao , Rui Wang , Long Zhou , Chengyi Wang , Shuo Ren , Yu Wu , Shujie Liu , Tom Ko , Qing Li , Yu Zhang , Zhihua Wei , Yao Qian , Jinyu Li , Furu Wei

Existing PLMs generate protein sequences based on a single-condition constraint from a specific modality, struggling to simultaneously satisfy multiple constraints across different modalities. In this work, we introduce CFP-Gen, a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Junbo Yin , Chao Zha , Wenjia He , Chencheng Xu , Xin Gao

Peptide design plays a pivotal role in therapeutics, allowing brand new possibility to leverage target binding sites that are previously undruggable. Most existing methods are either inefficient or only concerned with the target-agnostic…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-31 Xiangzhe Kong , Yinjun Jia , Wenbing Huang , Yang Liu