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Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that can identify and neutralise a wide variety of antigens with high specificity and affinity, and constitute the most successful class of biotherapeutics. With the advent of…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-27 Henry Kenlay , Frédéric A. Dreyer , Aleksandr Kovaltsuk , Dom Miketa , Douglas Pires , Charlotte M. Deane

Traditional machine learning has advanced polymer discovery, yet direct generation of chemically valid and synthesizable polymers without exhaustive enumeration remains a challenge. Here we present polyT5, an encoder-decoder chemical…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-10-22 Harikrishna Sahu , Wei Xiong , Anagha Savit , Shivank S Shukla , Rampi Ramprasad

The adaptive immune response, largely mediated by B-cell receptors (BCRs), plays a crucial role for effective pathogen neutralization due to its diversity and antigen specificity. Designing BCRs de novo, or from scratch, has been…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-11 Desmond Kuan , Amir Barati Farimani

Antibodies are versatile proteins that can bind to pathogens and provide effective protection for human body. Recently, deep learning-based computational antibody design has attracted popular attention since it automatically mines the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-18 Kaiyuan Gao , Lijun Wu , Jinhua Zhu , Tianbo Peng , Yingce Xia , Liang He , Shufang Xie , Tao Qin , Haiguang Liu , Kun He , Tie-Yan Liu

Antibodies are crucial proteins produced by the immune system in response to foreign substances or antigens. The specificity of an antibody is determined by its complementarity-determining regions (CDRs), which are located in the variable…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-01-11 Cheng Tan , Zhangyang Gao , Lirong Wu , Jun Xia , Jiangbin Zheng , Xihong Yang , Yue Liu , Bozhen Hu , Stan Z. Li

Unlocking the next generation of biotechnology and therapeutic innovation demands overcoming the inherent complexity and resource-intensity of conventional protein engineering methods. Recent GenAI-powered computational techniques often…

With the rise of Transformers and Large Language Models (LLMs) in Chemistry and Biology, new avenues for the design and understanding of therapeutics have opened up to the scientific community. Protein sequences can be modeled as language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Seongwon Kim , Parisa Mollaei , Akshay Antony , Rishikesh Magar , Amir Barati Farimani

Recent advances in protein language models (PLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in understanding protein sequences. However, the extent to which different model architectures capture antibody-specific biological properties…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Mengren , Liu , Yixiang Zhang , Yiming , Zhang

Pre-trained models for Natural Languages (NL) like BERT and GPT have been recently shown to transfer well to Programming Languages (PL) and largely benefit a broad set of code-related tasks. Despite their success, most current methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Yue Wang , Weishi Wang , Shafiq Joty , Steven C. H. Hoi

Antibodies comprise the most versatile class of binding molecules, with numerous applications in biomedicine. Computational design of antibodies involves generating novel and diverse sequences, while maintaining structural consistency.…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-06-21 Igor Melnyk , Vijil Chenthamarakshan , Pin-Yu Chen , Payel Das , Amit Dhurandhar , Inkit Padhi , Devleena Das

Protein language models (pLMs) have demonstrated success at generating functional proteins across vast sequence spaces but lack the ability to design high-fitness variants on demand. Here, we iteratively guide pLMs toward user-defined…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-01 Filippo Stocco , Maria Artigues-Lleixa , Andrea Hunklinger , Talal Widatalla , Marc Guell , Noelia Ferruz

In recent years, natural language processing (NLP) models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various domains beyond traditional text generation. In this work, we introduce PeptideGPT, a protein language model tailored to generate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Aayush Shah , Chakradhar Guntuboina , Amir Barati Farimani

Antibodies are versatile proteins that bind to pathogens like viruses and stimulate the adaptive immune system. The specificity of antibody binding is determined by complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) at the tips of these Y-shaped…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-01-31 Wengong Jin , Jeremy Wohlwend , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

Deep learning approaches have produced substantial breakthroughs in fields such as image classification and natural language processing and are making rapid inroads in the area of protein design. Many generative models of proteins have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Alexey Strokach , Philip M. Kim

Antibody therapeutics are among the most successful modern medicines, yet computationally designing antibodies with desirable binding and developability properties remains challenging. While protein language models (pLMs) have emerged as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Justin Sanders , Luca Giancardo , Lan Guo , Yue Zhao , Kemal Sonmez , Nina Cheng , Melih Yilmaz

Predicting the binding affinity of protein protein complexes directly from sequence remains a challenging problem, particularly in the absence of reliable structural information. Here I present ProtT Affinity, a sequence only model that…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-21 Hongfu Lou

We consider controllable DNA sequence design, where sequences are generated by conditioning on specific biological properties. While language models (LMs) such as GPT and BERT have achieved remarkable success in natural language generation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Xingyu Su , Xiner Li , Yuchao Lin , Ziqian Xie , Degui Zhi , Shuiwang Ji

Generative modeling has become a central paradigm in protein research, extending machine learning beyond structure prediction toward sequence design, backbone generation, inverse folding, and biomolecular interaction modeling. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Senura Hansaja Wanasekara , Minh-Duong Nguyen , Xiaochen Liu , Nguyen H. Tran , Ken-Tye Yong

Autoregressive language models are the currently dominant paradigm for text generation, but they have some fundamental limitations that cannot be remedied by scale-for example inherently sequential and unidirectional generation. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Yuchen Li , Alexandre Kirchmeyer , Aashay Mehta , Yilong Qin , Boris Dadachev , Kishore Papineni , Sanjiv Kumar , Andrej Risteski

Proteins typically exist in complexes, interacting with other proteins or biomolecules to perform their specific biological roles. Research on single-chain protein modeling has been extensively and deeply explored, with advancements seen in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Ruizhe Chen , Dongyu Xue , Xiangxin Zhou , Zaixiang Zheng , Xiangxiang Zeng , Quanquan Gu
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