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Leader-follower general-sum stochastic games (LF-GSSGs) model sequential decision-making under asymmetric commitment, where a leader commits to a policy and a follower best responds, yielding a strong Stackelberg equilibrium (SSE) with…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Jilles Steeve Dibangoye , Thibaut Le Marre , Ocan Sankur , François Schwarzentruber

We explore a scenario involving two sites and a sequential game between a defender and an attacker, where the defender is responsible for securing the sites while the attacker aims to attack them. Each site holds a loss value for the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Md Reya Shad Azim , Mustafa Abdallah

Recent theory shows that extortioners taking advantage of the zero-determinant (ZD) strategy can unilaterally claim an unfair share of the payoffs in the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma. It is thus suggested that against a fixed extortioner,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-01-13 Xingru Chen , Feng Fu

In Stackelberg security games when information about the attacker's payoffs is uncertain, algorithms have been proposed to learn the optimal defender commitment by interacting with the attacker and observing their best responses. In this…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-11-01 Jiarui Gan , Qingyu Guo , Long Tran-Thanh , Bo An , Michael Wooldridge

Stackelberg equilibria have become increasingly important as a solution concept in computational game theory, largely inspired by practical problems such as security settings. In practice, however, there is typically uncertainty regarding…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-23 Christian Kroer , Gabriele Farina , Tuomas Sandholm

We investigate the equilibrium stability and robustness in a class of moving target defense problems, in which players have both incomplete information and asymmetric cognition. We first establish a Bayesian Stackelberg game model for…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Hanzheng Zhang , Zhaoyang Cheng , Guanpu Chen , Karl Henrik Johansson

This paper investigates a zero-sum stochastic linear-quadratic (SLQ, for short) Stackelberg differential game problem, where the coefficients of the state equation and the weighting matrices in the performance functional are regulated by a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-02 Fan Wu , Xun Li , Jie Xiong , Xin Zhang

As an effective approach to thwarting advanced attacks, moving target defense (MTD) has been applied to various domains. Previous works on MTD, however, mainly focus on deciding the sequence of system configurations to be used and have…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Henger Li , Zizhan Zheng

We study a continuous-time stochastic Stackelberg game in which a leader seeks to accomplish a primary objective while inferring a hidden parameter of a rational follower. The follower solves an entropy-regularized tracking problem and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-08 Ruimeng Hu , Daniel Ralston , Xu Yang , Haosheng Zhou

We discuss an open-loop backward Stackelberg differential game involving single leader and single follower. Unlike most Stackelberg game literature, the state to be controlled is characterized by a backward stochastic differential equation…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-04-06 Xinwei Feng , Ying Hu , Jianhui Huang

In a Stackelberg game, a leader commits to a randomized strategy, and a follower chooses their best strategy in response. We consider an extension of a standard Stackelberg game, called a discrete-time dynamic Stackelberg game, that has an…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Niklas Lauffer , Mahsa Ghasemi , Abolfazl Hashemi , Yagiz Savas , Ufuk Topcu

Malicious jamming presents a pervasive threat to the secure communications, where the challenge becomes increasingly severe due to the growing capability of the jammer allowing the adaptation to legitimate transmissions. This paper…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Xiao Tang , Zhen Ma , Limeng Dong , Yichen Wang , Qinghe Du , Dusit Niyato , Zhu Han

We propose a model for games in which the players have shared access to a blockchain that allows them to deploy smart contracts to act on their behalf. This changes fundamental game-theoretic assumptions about rationality since a contract…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Mathias Hall-Andersen , Nikolaj I. Schwartzbach

The security game is a basic model for resource allocation in adversarial environments. Here there are two players, a defender and an attacker. The defender wants to allocate her limited resources to defend critical targets and the attacker…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-06-14 Haifeng Xu

Moving target defense (MTD) techniques that enable a system to randomize its configuration to thwart prospective attacks are an effective security solution for tomorrow's wireless networks. However, there is a lack of analytical techniques…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-18 AbdelRahman Eldosouky , Walid Saad , Dusit Niyato

This paper studies the sensor placement problem in a networked control system for improving its security against cyber-physical attacks. The problem is formulated as a zero-sum game between an attacker and a detector. The attacker's…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-09-25 Mohammad Pirani , Ehsan Nekouei , Henrik Sandberg , Karl Henrik Johansson

Many real-world strategic games involve interactions between multiple players. We study a hierarchical multi-player game structure, where players with asymmetric roles can be separated into leaders and followers, a setting often referred to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Yaolong Yu , Haifeng Xu , Haipeng Chen

This paper addresses a Stackelberg stochastic linear-quadratic (LQ) differential game under closed-loop information, a problem inherently time-inconsistent. Existing approaches rely on solving two coupled Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-27 Qi Lü , Bowen Ma , Hanxiao Wang

Direct reciprocity is a mechanism for sustaining mutual cooperation in repeated social dilemma games, where a player would keep cooperation to avoid being retaliated by a co-player in the future. So-called zero-determinant (ZD) strategies…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2017-11-27 Genki Ichinose , Naoki Masuda

The field of cybersecurity has mostly been a cat-and-mouse game with the discovery of new attacks leading the way. To take away an attacker's advantage of reconnaissance, researchers have proposed proactive defense methods such as Moving…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Sailik Sengupta , Subbarao Kambhampati