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We study a liaison between the Bohl's exponents and the exponential dichotomy spectrum of a non autonomous linear system of difference equations on the whole line $\mathbb{Z}$. More specifically, We prove that for any initial condition in…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2018-12-20 Nicolas Pinto , Gonzalo Robledo

In this note we introduce a notion of dichotomy which generalizes the classical concept of exponential dichotomy and the recent notion of Bohl dichotomy. A key attribute is the discussion of the sets of subspaces of the state space on which…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-03-25 Adam Czornik , Konrad Kitzing , Stefan Siegmund

Bohl dichotomy is a notion of hyperbolicity for linear nonautonomous difference equations that is weaker than the classical concept of exponential dichotomy. In the class of systems with bounded invertible coefficient matrices which have…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-02-07 Adam Czornik , Konrad Kitzing , Stefan Siegmund

We develop the Bohl spectrum for nonautonomous linear differential equation on a half line, which is a spectral concept that lies between the Lyapunov and the Sacker--Sell spectrum. We prove that the Bohl spectrum is given by the union of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-03-21 Thai Son Doan , Kenneth J. Palmer , Martin Rasmussen

For nonautonomous linear difference equations, we introduce the notion of the so-called nonuniform dichotomy spectrum and prove a spectral theorem. Moreover, we introduce the notion of weak kinematical similarity and prove a reducibility…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2014-02-10 Jifeng Chu , Hailong Zhu , Stefan Siegmund , Yonghui Xia

We develop spectral theorems for nonautonomous linear difference systems, considering different types of $\mu$-dichotomies, both uniform and nonuniform. In the nonuniform case, intriguing scenarios emerge -- that have been employed but…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-01-09 Álvaro Castañeda , Claudio A. Gallegos , Néstor Jara

For nonautonomous linear differential equations with nonuniform hyperbolicity, we introduce a definition for nonuniform dichotomy spectrum, which can be seen as a generalization of Sacker-Sell spectrum. We prove a spectral theorem and use…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2014-02-11 Jifeng Chu , Fang-Fang Liao , Stefan Siegmund , Yonghui Xia , Weinian Zhang

For linear nonautonomous differential equations we introduce a new family of spectrums defined with general nonuniform dichotomies: for a given growth rate $\mu$ in a large family of growth rates, we consider a notion of spectrum, named…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-07-06 César M. Silva

Equations arising in General Relativity are usually too complicated to be solved analytically and one has to rely on numerical methods to solve sets of coupled partial differential equations. Among the possible choices, this paper focuses…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-06-22 Philippe Grandclement , Jérôme Novak

We investigate singular perturbation problems caused by small delays in the view of pseudo-exponential dichotomy. For a general linear non-autonomous retarded differential equation with small delay, previous works established the existence…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-11-17 Shuang Chen

Nonlinear eigenvalue problems arise in a wide range of physical systems, in which system parameters depend on the eigenvalue. Such systems have been proposed to exhibit an extreme sensitivity of their spectra to boundary conditions, which…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Kota Otsuka , Kazuki Yokomizo

In this work we introduce the notion of an angular spectrum for a linear discrete time nonautonomous dynamical system. The angular spectrum comprises all accumulation points of longtime averages formed by maximal principal angles between…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-03-12 Wolf-Jürgen Beyn , Thorsten Hüls

We study the numerical differentiation formulae for functions given in grids with arbitrary number of nodes. We investigate the case of the infinite number of points in the formulae for the calculation of the first and the second…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-20 Maxim Dvornikov

Spectrum is an important numerical invariant of an isolated hypersurface singularity, connecting its topological and analytic structures. The well-known Hertling conjecture tells the relation of range and variance of exponents i.e. elements…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-02-20 Quan Shi , Yang Wang , Huaiqing Zuo

The first purpose of this work is to provide a friendly introduction to the theory of nonautonomous linear systems of ordinary differential equations, the property of exponential dichotomy and its corresponding spectral theory. The second…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Álvaro Castañeda , Gonzalo Robledo

We establish the various properties as well as diverse relations of the ascent and descent spectra for bounded linear operators. We specially focus on the theory of subspectrum. Furthermore, we construct a new concept of convergence for…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2018-08-27 Nassim Athmouni , Mondher Damak , Chiraz Jendoubi

The concept of spectrum for a class of non-linear wave equations is studied. Instead of looking for stability, the key to the spectral structure is found in the instability phenomena (bifurcations). This aspect is best seen in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-14 P. Grochowski , W. Kaniowski , B. Mielnik

In this paper, we consider self-adjoint difference equations of the form -\Delta(a_{n-1}\Delta y_{n-1})+b_{n}y_{n}=\lambda y_{n},n=0,1,...\label{eq:abstract} where $a_{n-1}>0$ for all $n\ge0$ and $b_{n}$ are real and $\lambda$ is complex.…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2012-08-28 Dale T. Smith

The aim of this paper is to study the normal forms of nonautonomous differential systems. For doing so, we first investigate the nonuniform dichotomy spectrum of the linear evolution operators that admit a nonuniform exponential dichotomy,…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2014-07-31 Xiang Zhang

By considering the nonuniform exponential dichotomy spectrum, we introduce a global asymptotic nonuniform stability conjecture for nonautonomous differential systems, whose restriction to the autonomous case is related to the classical…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-12-13 Álvaro Castañeda , Ignacio Huerta , Gonzalo Robledo
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