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A basic question in the PAC model of learning is whether proper learning is harder than improper learning. In the classical case, there are examples of concept classes with VC dimension $d$ that have sample complexity $\Omega\left(\frac…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-07 Ashwin Nayak , Pulkit Sinha

We revisit the problem of characterising the complexity of Quantum PAC learning, as introduced by Bshouty and Jackson [SIAM J. Comput. 1998, 28, 1136-1153]. Several quantum advantages have been demonstrated in this setting, however, none…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-21 Wilfred Salmon , Sergii Strelchuk , Tom Gur

$ \newcommand{\eps}{\varepsilon} $In learning theory, the VC dimension of a concept class $C$ is the most common way to measure its "richness." In the PAC model $$ \Theta\Big(\frac{d}{\eps} + \frac{\log(1/\delta)}{\eps}\Big) $$ examples are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-08 Srinivasan Arunachalam , Ronald de Wolf

We study the problems of quantum tomography and shadow tomography using measurements performed on individual, identical copies of an unknown $d$-dimensional state. We first revisit a known lower bound due to Haah et al. (2017) on quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-12 Angus Lowe , Ashwin Nayak

Studies addressing the question "Can a learner complete the learning securely?" have recently been spurred from the standpoints of fundamental theory and potential applications. In the relevant context of this question, we present a…

We study how efficiently a $k$-element set $S\subseteq[n]$ can be learned from a uniform superposition $|S\rangle$ of its elements. One can think of $|S\rangle=\sum_{i\in S}|i\rangle/\sqrt{|S|}$ as the quantum version of a uniformly random…

Learning tasks play an increasingly prominent role in quantum information and computation. They range from fundamental problems such as state discrimination and metrology over the framework of quantum probably approximately correct (PAC)…

The polynomial method by Beals, Buhrman, Cleve, Mosca, and de Wolf (FOCS 1998, J. ACM 2001), the adversary method by Ambainis (STOC 2000, J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 2002), and the compressed oracle method by Zhandry (CRYPTO 2019) have been shown…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-27 Qisheng Wang , Zhicheng Zhang

An increasing number of communication and computational schemes with quantum advantages have recently been proposed, which implies that quantum technology has fertile application prospects. However, demonstrating these schemes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-06 Min-Gang Zhou , Xiao-Yu Cao , Yu-Shuo Lu , Yang Wang , Yu Bao , Zhao-Ying Jia , Yao Fu , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

We consider quantum versions of two well-studied classical learning models: Angluin's model of exact learning from membership queries and Valiant's Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) model of learning from random examples. We give…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Rocco A. Servedio , Steven J. Gortler

We generalize the PAC (probably approximately correct) learning model to the quantum world by generalizing the concepts from classical functions to quantum processes, defining the problem of \emph{PAC learning quantum process}, and study…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-20 Kai-Min Chung , Han-Hsuan Lin

Here we study the comparative power of classical and quantum learners for generative modelling within the Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) framework. More specifically we consider the following task: Given samples from some unknown…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-24 Ryan Sweke , Jean-Pierre Seifert , Dominik Hangleiter , Jens Eisert

Over decades traditional information theory of source and channel coding advances toward learning and effective extraction of information from data. We propose to go one step further and offer a theoretical foundation for learning classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-15 Mohsen Heidari , Arun Padakandla , Wojciech Szpankowski

This paper studies quantum supervised learning for classical inference from quantum states. In this model, a learner has access to a set of labeled quantum samples as the training set. The objective is to find a quantum measurement that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-26 Mohsen Heidari , Wojciech Szpankowski

Recent years have seen significant activity on the problem of using data for the purpose of learning properties of quantum systems or of processing classical or quantum data via quantum computing. As in classical learning, quantum learning…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-17 Leonardo Banchi , Jason Luke Pereira , Sharu Theresa Jose , Osvaldo Simeone

Understanding the power of quantum data in machine learning is central to many proposed applications of quantum technologies. While access to quantum data can offer exponential advantages for carefully designed learning tasks and often…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-24 Armando Angrisani , Brian Coyle , Elham Kashefi

Using quantum algorithms, we obtain, for accuracy $\epsilon>0$ and confidence $1-\delta,0<\delta<1,$ a new sample complexity upper bound of $O((\mbox{log}(\frac{1}{\delta}))/\epsilon)$ as $\epsilon,\delta\rightarrow 0$ for a general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-22 Daniel Z. Zanger

Quantum samplers are believed capable of sampling efficiently from distributions that are classically hard to sample from. We consider a sampler inspired by the classical Ising model. It is nonadaptive and therefore experimentally amenable.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-17 Theodoros Kapourniotis , Animesh Datta

This paper surveys various results in the field of Quantum Learning theory, specifically focusing on learning quantum-encoded classical concepts in the Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) framework. The cornerstone of this work is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Sagnik Chatterjee

We consider the quantum decoding problem. It consists in recovering a codeword given a superposition of noisy versions of this codeword. By measuring the superposition, we get back to the classical decoding problem. It appears for the first…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-05 Agathe Blanvillain , André Chailloux , Jean-Pierre Tillich
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