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Related papers: Enhancement attacks in biomedical machine learning

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Data augmentation is used extensively to improve model generalisation. However, reliance on external libraries to implement augmentation methods introduces a vulnerability into the machine learning pipeline. It is well known that backdoors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Joseph Rance , Yiren Zhao , Ilia Shumailov , Robert Mullins

Unlearning methods have the potential to improve the privacy and safety of large language models (LLMs) by removing sensitive or harmful information post hoc. The LLM unlearning research community has increasingly turned toward empirical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Pratiksha Thaker , Shengyuan Hu , Neil Kale , Yash Maurya , Zhiwei Steven Wu , Virginia Smith

With the growing adoption of AI and machine learning systems in real-world applications, ensuring their fairness has become increasingly critical. The majority of the work in algorithmic fairness focus on assessing and improving the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Eunice Chan , Hanghang Tong

Machine learning and deep learning in particular has advanced tremendously on perceptual tasks in recent years. However, it remains vulnerable against adversarial perturbations of the input that have been crafted specifically to fool the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-02-22 Jan Hendrik Metzen , Tim Genewein , Volker Fischer , Bastian Bischoff

Backdoor attacks are an insidious security threat against machine learning models. Adversaries can manipulate the predictions of compromised models by inserting triggers into the training phase. Various backdoor attacks have been devised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Xuanli He , Jun Wang , Benjamin Rubinstein , Trevor Cohn

Machine learning models are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, including attacks that leak information about the model's training data. There has recently been an increase in interest about how to best address privacy concerns, especially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Keltin Grimes , Collin Abidi , Cole Frank , Shannon Gallagher

Introduction Data imbalance is one of the crucial issues in big data analysis with fewer labels. For example, in real-world healthcare data, spam detection labels, and financial fraud detection datasets. Many data balance methods were…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-27 Chenyu Li , Xia Jiang

Adversarial data poisoning is an effective attack against machine learning and threatens model integrity by introducing poisoned data into the training dataset. So far, it has been studied mostly for classification, even though regression…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-16 Nicolas Michael Müller , Daniel Kowatsch , Konstantin Böttinger

Performance comparisons are fundamental in medical imaging Artificial Intelligence (AI) research, often driving claims of superiority based on relative improvements in common performance metrics. However, such claims frequently rely solely…

Traditional classification algorithms assume that training and test data come from similar distributions. This assumption is violated in adversarial settings, where malicious actors modify instances to evade detection. A number of custom…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-29 Bo Li , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik , Xinyun Chen

It is observed in the literature that data augmentation can significantly mitigate membership inference (MI) attack. However, in this work, we challenge this observation by proposing new MI attacks to utilize the information of augmented…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Da Yu , Huishuai Zhang , Wei Chen , Jian Yin , Tie-Yan Liu

This study examines vulnerabilities in transformer-based automated short-answer grading systems used in medical education, with a focus on how these systems can be manipulated through adversarial gaming strategies. Our research identifies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Sahar Yarmohammadtoosky , Yiyun Zhou , Victoria Yaneva , Peter Baldwin , Saed Rezayi , Brian Clauser , Polina Harikeo

It has been consistently reported that many machine learning models are susceptible to adversarial attacks i.e., small additive adversarial perturbations applied to data points can cause misclassification. Adversarial training using…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-15 Hossein Taheri , Ramtin Pedarsani , Christos Thrampoulidis

Data augmentation plays a pivotal role in enhancing and diversifying training data. Nonetheless, consistently improving model performance in varied learning scenarios, especially those with inherent data biases, remains challenging. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Xiaoling Zhou , Wei Ye , Zhemg Lee , Rui Xie , Shikun Zhang

Recently, we can observe a significant increase of the phishing attacks in the Internet. In a typical phishing attack, the attacker sets up a malicious website that looks similar to the legitimate website in order to obtain the end-users'…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Zijiang Yang

Machine learning models are prone to memorizing sensitive data, making them vulnerable to membership inference attacks in which an adversary aims to guess if an input sample was used to train the model. In this paper, we show that prior…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Liwei Song , Prateek Mittal

Research in adversarial machine learning (AML) has shown that statistical models are vulnerable to maliciously altered data. However, despite advances in Bayesian machine learning models, most AML research remains concentrated on classical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-04 Matthieu Carreau , Roi Naveiro , William N. Caballero

Deep transformer neural network models have improved the predictive accuracy of intelligent text processing systems in the biomedical domain. They have obtained state-of-the-art performance scores on a wide variety of biomedical and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Milad Moradi , Matthias Samwald

Fair classification aims to stress the classification models to achieve the equality (treatment or prediction quality) among different sensitive groups. However, fair classification can be under the risk of poisoning attacks that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Han Xu , Xiaorui Liu , Yuxuan Wan , Jiliang Tang

Adversarial attacks pose a severe risk to AI systems used in healthcare, capable of misleading models into dangerous misclassifications that can delay treatments or cause misdiagnoses. These attacks, often imperceptible to human perception,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Alyssa Gerhart , Balaji Iyangar