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Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) is a nonparametric method for estimating the shape of a density function, given a set of samples from the distribution. Recently, locality-sensitive hashing, originally proposed as a tool for nearest neighbor…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Matti Karppa , Martin Aumüller , Rasmus Pagh

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a fundamental operation in vector databases, enabling efficient similarity search in high-dimensional spaces. While dense ANNS has been optimized using specialized hardware accelerators, sparse…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Tianqi Zhang , Flavio Ponzina , Tajana Rosing

The in-memory approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) algorithms have achieved great success for fast high-recall query processing, but are extremely inefficient when handling hybrid queries with unstructured (i.e., feature vectors) and…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Wei Wu , Junlin He , Yu Qiao , Guoheng Fu , Li Liu , Jin Yu

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) in high-dimensional spaces is a pivotal challenge in the field of machine learning. In recent years, graph-based methods have emerged as the superior approach to ANNS, establishing a new state of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Kejing Lu , Chuan Xiao , Yoshiharu Ishikawa

Nearest Neighbor Search (NNS) has recently drawn a rapid increase of interest due to its core role in managing high-dimensional vector data in data science and AI applications. The interest is fueled by the success of neural embedding,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Zhen Peng , Minjia Zhang , Kai Li , Ruoming Jin , Bin Ren

The explosive growth in big data has attracted much attention in designing efficient indexing and search methods recently. In many critical applications such as large-scale search and pattern matching, finding the nearest neighbors to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-09-21 Jun Wang , Wei Liu , Sanjiv Kumar , Shih-Fu Chang

Approximate K Nearest Neighbor (AKNN) search in high-dimensional spaces is a critical yet challenging problem. In AKNN search, distance computation is the core task that dominates the runtime. Existing approaches typically use approximate…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Mingyu Yang , Wentao Li , Jiabao Jin , Xiaoyao Zhong , Xiangyu Wang , Zhitao Shen , Wei Jia , Wei Wang

Graph-based algorithms have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance in the nearest neighbor search (NN-Search) problem. These empirical successes urge the need for theoretical results that guarantee the search quality and efficiency of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Anshumali Shrivastava , Zhao Song , Zhaozhuo Xu

Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search is a fundamental problem in areas such as data management,information retrieval and machine learning. Recently, Li et al. proposed a learned approach named AdaptNN to support adaptive ANN query…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Kaixiang Yang , Hongya Wang , Bo Xu , Wei Wang , Yingyuan Xiao , Ming Du , Junfeng Zhou

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) on high-dimensional vectors has become a fundamental and essential component in various machine learning tasks. Recently, with the rapid development of deep learning models and the applications of…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Zeyu Wang , Haoran Xiong , Qitong Wang , Zhenying He , Peng Wang , Themis Palpanas , Wei Wang

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is a crucial problem in information retrieval and AI applications. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in graph-based ANNS algorithms due to their superior efficiency and accuracy.…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zhenxin Li , Shuibing He , Jiahao Guo , Xuechen Zhang , Xian-He Sun , Gang Chen

Most natural language processing tasks can be formulated as the approximated nearest neighbor search problem, such as word analogy, document similarity, machine translation. Take the question-answering task as an example, given a question…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-28 Jing Wang

Approximate nearest neighbour (ANN) search is an essential component of search engines, recommendation systems, etc. Many recent works focus on learning-based data-distribution-dependent hashing and achieve good retrieval performance.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Kim Yong Tan , Yueming Lyu , Yew Soon Ong , Ivor W. Tsang

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is essential for applications like recommendation systems and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) but is highly I/O-intensive and memory-demanding. CPUs face I/O bottlenecks, while GPUs are…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Mingkai Chen , Tianhua Han , Cheng Liu , Shengwen Liang , Kuai Yu , Lei Dai , Ziming Yuan , Ying Wang , Lei Zhang , Huawei Li , Xiaowei Li

Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search in high dimensions is an integral part of several computer vision systems and gains importance in deep learning with explicit memory representations. Since PQT, FAISS, and SONG started to leverage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Fabian Groh , Lukas Ruppert , Patrick Wieschollek , Hendrik P. A. Lensch

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANN) is a common way to retrieve relevant search results, especially now in the context of large language models and retrieval augmented generation. One of the most widely used algorithms for ANN is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Nina Mishra , Yonatan Naamad , Tal Wagner , Lichen Zhang

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is a key retrieval technique for vector database and many data center applications, such as person re-identification and recommendation systems. It is also fundamental to retrieval augmented…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Yitu Wang , Shiyu Li , Qilin Zheng , Linghao Song , Zongwang Li , Andrew Chang , Hai "Helen" Li , Yiran Chen

Nearest neighbor search is known as a challenging issue that has been studied for several decades. Recently, this issue becomes more and more imminent in viewing that the big data problem arises from various fields. In this paper, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-02-06 Wan-Lei Zhao , Jie Yang , Cheng-Hao Deng

Filtered approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) restricts the search to data objects whose attributes satisfy a given filter and retrieves the top-$K$ objects that are most semantically similar to the query object. Many graph-based ANNS…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Tianming Wu , Dixin Tang

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANN) data structures have widespread applications in machine learning, computational biology, and text processing. The goal of ANN is to preprocess a set S so that, given a query q, we can find a point y…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Samuel McCauley