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The subword complexity of a finite word $w$ of length $N$ is a function which associates to each $n\le N$ the number of all distinct subwords of $w$ having the length $n$. We define the \emph{maximal complexity} C(w) as the maximum of the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2010-02-16 M-C. Anisiu , Z. Blazsik , Z. Kasa

The avoidability, or unavoidability of patterns in words over finite alphabets has been studied extensively. A word (pattern) over a finite set is said to be unavoidable if, for all but finitely many words, there exists a morphism mapping…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Paul Sauer

Following Inoue et al., we define a word to be a repetition if it is a (fractional) power of exponent at least 2. A word has a repetition factorization if it is the product of repetitions. We study repetition factorizations in several…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Jeffrey Shallit , Xinhao Xu

A word $w$ over an alphabet $\Sigma$ is a Lyndon word if there exists an order defined on $\Sigma$ for which $w$ is lexicographically smaller than all of its conjugates (other than itself). We introduce and study \emph{universal Lyndon…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-07-15 Arturo Carpi , Gabriele Fici , Stepan Holub , Jakub Oprsal , Marinella Sciortino

This paper begins with a comprehensive overview of combinatorics on words and symbolic dynamics, covering their historical origins, fundamental concepts, and interconnections. Building upon this foundation, we introduce novel mathematical…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-19 Duaa Abdullah , Jasem Hamoud

We study the maximum multiplicity $\mathcal{M}(k,n)$ of a simple transposition $s_k=(k \: k+1)$ in a reduced word for the longest permutation $w_0=n \: n-1 \: \cdots \: 2 \: 1$, a problem closely related to much previous work on sorting…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-04 Christian Gaetz , Yibo Gao , Pakawut Jiradilok , Gleb Nenashev , Alexander Postnikov

Given a pseudoword over suitable pseudovarieties, we associate to it a labeled linear order determined by the factorizations of the pseudoword. We show that, in the case of the pseudovariety of aperiodic finite semigroups, the pseudoword…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-06-26 Jorge Almeida , Alfredo Costa , José Carlos Costa , Marc Zeitoun

We show that any $n$-bit string can be recovered with high probability from $\exp(\widetilde{O}(n^{1/5}))$ independent random subsequences.

Probability · Mathematics 2022-01-12 Zachary Chase

For $\alpha\geq 1$, an $\alpha$-gapped repeat in a word $w$ is a factor $uvu$ of $w$ such that $|uv|\leq \alpha |u|$; the two factors $u$ in such a repeat are called arms, while the factor $v$ is called gap. Such a repeat is called maximal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-10-01 Paweł Gawrychowski , Tomohiro I , Shunsuke Inenaga , Dominik Köppl , Florin Manea

In [X. Droubay et al, Episturmian words and some constructions of de Luca and Rauzy, Theoret. Comput. Sci. 255 (2001)], it was proved that every word w has at most |w|+1 many distinct palindromic factors, including the empty word. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-01-06 Jetro Vesti

The approximate period recovery problem asks to compute all $\textit{approximate word-periods}$ of a given word $S$ of length $n$: all primitive words $P$ ($|P|=p$) which have a periodic extension at edit distance smaller than $\tau_p$ from…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-07-30 Tomasz Kociumaka , Jakub Radoszewski , Wojciech Rytter , Juliusz Straszyński , Tomasz Waleń , Wiktor Zuba

In this paper, we derive exact formulas for generating functions counting the number of $n$-ary words avoiding strictly increasing subwords of length $k$, and provide some applications of these formulas.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Senan Sekhon

We show that there exists an uniformly recurrent infinite word whose set of factors is closed under reversal and which has only finitely many palindromic factors.

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2009-03-16 Jean Berstel , Luc Boasson , Olivier Carton , Isabelle Fagnot

A factorization $f_1, \ldots, f_m$ of a string $w$ of length $n$ is called a repetition factorization of $w$ if $f_i$ is a repetition, i.e., $f_i$ is a form of $x^kx'$, where $x$ is a non-empty string, $x'$ is a (possibly-empty) proper…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Yuki Yonemoto , Shunsuke Inenaga

We extend the theory of minimal absent words to (rooted and unrooted) trees, having edges labeled by letters from an alphabet $\Sigma$ of cardinality $\sigma$. We show that the set $\text{MAW}(T)$ of minimal absent words of a rooted (resp.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-10-31 Gabriele Fici , Paweł Gawrychowski

Text clustering holds significant value across various domains due to its ability to identify patterns and group related information. Current approaches which rely heavily on a computed similarity measure between documents are often limited…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Laurence Hirsch , Robin Hirsch , Bayode Ogunleye

We show that for every $n \geq 1$ and over any finite alphabet, there is a word whose circular factors of length $n$ have a one-to-one correspondence with the set of primitive words. In particular, we prove that such a word can be obtained…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-12-03 Yu Hin Au

For any integer $k>2$, the infinite $k$-bonacci word $W^{(k)}$, on the infinite alphabet is defined as the fixed point of the morphism $\varphi_k:\mathbb{N}\rightarrow \mathbb{N}^2 \cup \mathbb{N}$, where \begin{equation*} \varphi_k(ki+j) =…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-12-12 Narges Ghareghani , Pouyeh Sharifani

Answering a question of Cameron, Pretzel and Siemons proved that every integer partition of $n\ge 2(k+3)(k+1)$ can be reconstructed from its set of $k$-deletions. We describe a new reconstruction algorithm that lowers this bound to $n\ge…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-06-24 Vincent Vatter

Using a new approach based on automatic sequences, logic, and a decision procedure, we reprove some old theorems about circularly squarefree words and unbordered conjugates in a new and simpler way. Furthermore, we prove three new results…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-04-18 Trevor Clokie , Daniel Gabric , Jeffrey Shallit