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These notes provide a self-contained introduction to kernel methods and their geometric foundations in machine learning. Starting from the construction of Hilbert spaces, we develop the theory of positive definite kernels, reproducing…

We study how iterated and composed completely positive maps act on operator-valued kernels. Each kernel is realized inside a single Hilbert space where composition corresponds to applying bounded creation operators to feature vectors. This…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-18 James Tian

Motivated by practical applications, I present a novel and comprehensive framework for operator-valued positive definite kernels. This framework is applied to both operator theory and stochastic processes. The first application focuses on…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-04 Saeed Hashemi Sababe

We study classes of reproducing kernels $K$ on general domains; these are kernels which arise commonly in machine learning models; models based on certain families of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. They are the positive definite kernels…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2017-08-22 Palle Jorgensen , Feng Tian

In conventional formulations of multilayer feedforward neural networks, the individual layers are customarily defined by explicit functions. In this paper we demonstrate that defining individual layers in a neural network \emph{implicitly}…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-04 Qianggong Zhang , Yanyang Gu , Michalkiewicz Mateusz , Mahsa Baktashmotlagh , Anders Eriksson

We propose new positive definite kernels for permutations. First we introduce a weighted version of the Kendall kernel, which allows to weight unequally the contributions of different item pairs in the permutations depending on their ranks.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-13 Yunlong Jiao , Jean-Philippe Vert

The design of neural architectures for structured objects is typically guided by experimental insights rather than a formal process. In this work, we appeal to kernels over combinatorial structures, such as sequences and graphs, to derive…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-10-31 Tao Lei , Wengong Jin , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

The use of kernel functions is a common technique to extract important features from data sets. A quantum computer can be used to estimate kernel entries as transition amplitudes of unitary circuits. Quantum kernels exist that, subject to…

Over the last decade several positive definite kernels have been proposed to treat spike trains as objects in Hilbert space. However, for the most part, such attempts still remain a mere curiosity for both computational neuroscientists and…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2013-10-16 Il Memming Park , Sohan Seth , Antonio R. C. Paiva , Lin Li , Jose C. Principe

We consider a problem of learning kernels for use in SVM classification in the multi-task and lifelong scenarios and provide generalization bounds on the error of a large margin classifier. Our results show that, under mild conditions on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-08-19 Anastasia Pentina , Shai Ben-David

The kernel exponential family is a rich class of distributions, which can be fit efficiently and with statistical guarantees by score matching. Being required to choose a priori a simple kernel such as the Gaussian, however, limits its…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-15 Li Wenliang , Danica J. Sutherland , Heiko Strathmann , Arthur Gretton

Deep learning methods have predominantly been applied to large artificial neural networks. Despite their state-of-the-art performance, these large networks typically do not generalize well to datasets with limited sample sizes. In this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-17 Eric Strobl , Shyam Visweswaran

In this paper we consider the problems of supervised classification and regression in the case where attributes and labels are functions: a data is represented by a set of functions, and the label is also a function. We focus on the use of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-03 Hachem Kadri , Emmanuel Duflos , Philippe Preux , Stéphane Canu , Alain Rakotomamonjy , Julien Audiffren

The paradigm of multi-task learning is that one can achieve better generalization by learning tasks jointly and thus exploiting the similarity between the tasks rather than learning them independently of each other. While previously the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-11-19 Pratik Jawanpuria , Maksim Lapin , Matthias Hein , Bernt Schiele

We consider the problem of operator-valued kernel learning and investigate the possibility of going beyond the well-known separable kernels. Borrowing tools and concepts from the field of quantum computing, such as partial trace and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Riikka Huusari , Hachem Kadri

Most machine learning algorithms, such as classification or regression, treat the individual data point as the object of interest. Here we consider extending machine learning algorithms to operate on groups of data points. We suggest…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Danica J. Sutherland , Liang Xiong , Barnabás Póczos , Jeff Schneider

It is widely believed that deep neural networks contain layer specialization, wherein neural networks extract hierarchical features representing edges and patterns in shallow layers and complete objects in deeper layers. Unlike common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-04 Avi Schwarzschild , Arjun Gupta , Amin Ghiasi , Micah Goldblum , Tom Goldstein

This paper introduces the Kernel Neural Operator (KNO), a provably convergent operator-learning architecture that utilizes compositions of deep kernel-based integral operators for function-space approximation of operators (maps from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Matthew Lowery , John Turnage , Zachary Morrow , John D. Jakeman , Akil Narayan , Shandian Zhe , Varun Shankar

Kernel matrices are a key quantity in kernel-based approximation, and important properties such as stability and algorithmic convergence can be analyzed with their help. In this work we refine a multivariate Ingham-type theorem, which is…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-28 Tizan Wenzel , Armin Iske

We describe how hierarchical concepts can be represented in three types of layered neural networks. The aim is to support recognition of the concepts when partial information about the concepts is presented, and also when some of the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Nancy A. Lynch