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Precipitation results from complex processes across many scales, making its accurate simulation in Earth system models (ESMs) challenging. Existing post-processing methods can improve ESM simulations locally, but cannot correct errors in…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-01-03 Philipp Hess , Markus Drüke , Stefan Petri , Felix M. Strnad , Niklas Boers

Climate change exacerbates extreme weather events like heavy rainfall and flooding. As these events cause severe socioeconomic damage, accurate high-resolution simulation of precipitation is imperative. However, existing Earth System Models…

Geophysics · Physics 2026-02-03 Michael Aich , Philipp Hess , Baoxiang Pan , Sebastian Bathiany , Yu Huang , Niklas Boers

Quantifying the impacts of anthropogenic global warming requires accurate Earth system model (ESM) simulations. Statistical bias correction and downscaling can be applied to reduce errors and increase the resolution of ESMs. However,…

Geophysics · Physics 2024-06-24 Philipp Hess , Niklas Boers

Improving the representation of precipitation in Earth system models (ESMs) is critical for assessing the impacts of climate change and especially of extreme events like floods and droughts. In existing ESMs, precipitation is not resolved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Michael Aich , Sebastian Bathiany , Philipp Hess , Yu Huang , Niklas Boers

Accurate and high-resolution Earth system model (ESM) simulations are essential to assess the ecological and socio-economic impacts of anthropogenic climate change, but are computationally too expensive to be run at sufficiently high…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-02-27 Philipp Hess , Michael Aich , Baoxiang Pan , Niklas Boers

Earth system models (ESMs), which simulate the physics and chemistry of the global atmosphere, land, and ocean, are often used to generate future projections of climate change scenarios. These models are far too computationally intensive to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Alexandra Puchko , Robert Link , Brian Hutchinson , Ben Kravitz , Abigail Snyder

Climate models often require post-processing in order to make accurate estimates of local climate risk. The most common post-processing applied is bias-correction and spatial resolution enhancement. However, the statistical methods…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-11-15 Tristan Ballard , Gopal Erinjippurath

Climate change is one of the most critical challenges that our planet is facing today. Rising global temperatures are already bringing noticeable changes to Earth's weather and climate patterns with an increased frequency of unpredictable…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-01-19 Karandeep Singh , Chaeyoon Jeong , Naufal Shidqi , Sungwon Park , Arjun Nellikkattil , Elke Zeller , Meeyoung Cha

Regional high-resolution climate projections are crucial for many applications, such as agriculture, hydrology, and natural hazard risk assessment. Dynamical downscaling, the state-of-the-art method to produce localized future climate…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-10-03 Ignacio Lopez-Gomez , Zhong Yi Wan , Leonardo Zepeda-Núñez , Tapio Schneider , John Anderson , Fei Sha

Despite continuous improvements, precipitation forecasts are still not as accurate and reliable as those of other meteorological variables. A major contributing factor to this is that several key processes affecting precipitation…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-11-09 Lucy Harris , Andrew T. T. McRae , Matthew Chantry , Peter D. Dueben , Tim N. Palmer

Super-resolving the coarse outputs of global climate simulations, termed downscaling, is crucial in making political and social decisions on systems requiring long-term climate change projections. Existing fast super-resolution techniques,…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-04-18 Norihiro Oyama , Noriko N. Ishizaki , Satoshi Koide , Hiroaki Yoshida

The conditional generative adversarial rainfall model "cGAN" developed for the UK \cite{Harris22} was trained to post-process into an ensemble and downscale ERA5 rainfall to 1km resolution over three regions of the USA and the UK. Relative…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-09-28 Fenwick C. Cooper , Andrew T. T. McRae , Matthew Chantry , Bobby Antonio , Tim N. Palmer

Climate change is intensifying rainfall extremes, making high-resolution precipitation projections crucial for society to better prepare for impacts such as flooding. However, current Global Climate Models (GCMs) operate at spatial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Ran Lyu , Linhan Wang , Yanshen Sun , Hedanqiu Bai , Chang-Tien Lu

Climate change affects ocean temperature, salinity and sea level, impacting monsoons and ocean productivity. Future projections by Global Climate Models based on shared socioeconomic pathways from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-01-09 Abhishek Pasula , Deepak N. Subramani

Earth System Models (ESMs) are the state of the art for projecting the effects of climate change. However, longstanding uncertainties in their ability to simulate regional and local precipitation extremes and related processes inhibit…

Applications · Statistics 2017-07-20 Evan Kodra , Singdhansu Chatterjee , Stone Chen , Auroop R. Ganguly

Sub-seasonal weather forecasts are becoming increasingly important for a range of socio-economic activities. However, the predictive ability of physical weather models is very limited on these time scales. We propose several post-processing…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-06-29 Nina Horat , Sebastian Lerch

Climate change is increasing the occurrence of extreme precipitation events, threatening infrastructure, agriculture, and public safety. Ensemble prediction systems provide probabilistic forecasts but exhibit biases and difficulties in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Christopher Bülte , Sohir Maskey , Philipp Scholl , Jonas von Berg , Gitta Kutyniok

Earth System Models (ESM) are our main tool for projecting the impacts of climate change. However, running these models at sufficient resolution for local-scale risk-assessments is not computationally feasible. Deep learning-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Paula Harder , Luca Schmidt , Francis Pelletier , Nicole Ludwig , Matthew Chantry , Christian Lessig , Alex Hernandez-Garcia , David Rolnick

Accurately forecasting extreme rainfall is notoriously difficult, but is also ever more crucial for society as climate change increases the frequency of such extremes. Global numerical weather prediction models often fail to capture…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-24 Ilan Price , Stephan Rasp

Statistical downscaling of global climate models (GCMs) allows researchers to study local climate change effects decades into the future. A wide range of statistical models have been applied to downscaling GCMs but recent advances in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-02-15 Thomas Vandal , Evan Kodra , Auroop R Ganguly
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