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Transformers trained on huge text corpora exhibit a remarkable set of capabilities, e.g., performing basic arithmetic. Given the inherent compositional nature of language, one can expect the model to learn to compose these capabilities,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Rahul Ramesh , Ekdeep Singh Lubana , Mikail Khona , Robert P. Dick , Hidenori Tanaka

Presented is a method of generating a full drum kit part for a provided kick-drum sequence. A sequence to sequence neural network model used in natural language translation was adopted to encode multiple musical styles and an online survey…

Sound · Computer Science 2017-06-30 P. Hutchings

At present, neural network-based models, including transformers, struggle to generate memorable and readily comprehensible music from unified and repetitive musical material due to a lack of understanding of musical structure. Consequently,…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Shangxuan Luo , Joshua Reiss

Large Language Models (LLMs) have ushered in a new wave of artificial intelligence advancements impacting every scientific field and discipline. We live in a world where most of the data around us, e.g., text, audio, and music, has a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-11 Prateek Verma

In this paper, we explore the application of Large Language Models (LLMs) to the pre-training of music. While the prevalent use of MIDI in music modeling is well-established, our findings suggest that LLMs are inherently more compatible…

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise in lyric-to-melody generation, but models trained with Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) often produce musically implausible melodies with issues like poor rhythm and unsuitable vocal ranges, a…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Hao Meng , Siyuan Zheng , Shuran Zhou , Qiangqiang Wang , Yang Song

The current wave of deep learning (the hyper-vitamined return of artificial neural networks) applies not only to traditional statistical machine learning tasks: prediction and classification (e.g., for weather prediction and pattern…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-07 Jean-Pierre Briot

Pre-trained transformer language models on large unlabeled corpus have produced state-of-the-art results in natural language processing, organic molecule design, and protein sequence generation. However, no such models have been applied to…

Large language models have recently advanced the state of the art on many natural language processing benchmarks. The newest generation of models can be applied to a variety of tasks with little to no specialized training. This technology…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Immanuel Trummer

Large pre-trained language models such as GPT-3, Codex, and Google's language model are now capable of generating code from natural language specifications of programmer intent. We view these developments with a mixture of optimism and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Naman Jain , Skanda Vaidyanath , Arun Iyer , Nagarajan Natarajan , Suresh Parthasarathy , Sriram Rajamani , Rahul Sharma

This study explores the extent to which deep learning models can predict groove and its related perceptual dimensions directly from audio signals. We critically examine the effectiveness of seven state-of-the-art deep learning models in…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Axel Marmoret , Nicolas Farrugia , Jan Alexander Stupacher

Large-scale language models (LMs) pretrained on massive corpora of text, such as GPT-2, are powerful open-domain text generators. However, as our systematic examination reveals, it is still challenging for such models to generate coherent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Bowen Tan , Zichao Yang , Maruan AI-Shedivat , Eric P. Xing , Zhiting Hu

A great number of deep learning based models have been recently proposed for automatic music composition. Among these models, the Transformer stands out as a prominent approach for generating expressive classical piano performance with a…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Yu-Siang Huang , Yi-Hsuan Yang

Recent music generation methods based on transformers have a context window of up to a minute. The music generated by these methods is largely unstructured beyond the context window. With a longer context window, learning long-scale…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Lilac Atassi

Automatic Music Transcription (AMT), inferring musical notes from raw audio, is a challenging task at the core of music understanding. Unlike Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), which typically focuses on the words of a single speaker, AMT…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Josh Gardner , Ian Simon , Ethan Manilow , Curtis Hawthorne , Jesse Engel

Controllable music generation plays a vital role in human-AI music co-creation. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in generating high-quality music, their focus on autoregressive generation limits their utility in music…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Liwei Lin , Gus Xia , Yixiao Zhang , Junyan Jiang

Many music AI models learn a map between music content and human-defined labels. However, many annotations, such as chords, can be naturally expressed within the music modality itself, e.g., as sequences of symbolic notes. This observation…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Junyan Jiang , Daniel Chin , Liwei Lin , Xuanjie Liu , Gus Xia

The field of automatic music composition has seen great progress in recent years, specifically with the invention of transformer-based architectures. When using any deep learning model which considers music as a sequence of events with…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Dimos Makris , Guo Zixun , Maximos Kaliakatsos-Papakostas , Dorien Herremans

While most music generation models generate a mixture of stems (in mono or stereo), we propose to train a multi-stem generative model with 3 stems (bass, drums and other) that learn the musical dependencies between them. To do so, we train…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Simon Rouard , Robin San Roman , Yossi Adi , Axel Roebel

DeepDrummer is a drum loop generation tool that uses active learning to learn the preferences (or current artistic intentions) of a human user from a small number of interactions. The principal goal of this tool is to enable an efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-28 Guillaume Alain , Maxime Chevalier-Boisvert , Frederic Osterrath , Remi Piche-Taillefer