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The central idea of metamaterials and metaoptics is that, besides their base materials, the geometry of structures offers a broad extra dimension to explore for exotic functionalities. Here, we discover that the topology of structures…

Optics · Physics 2023-06-21 Jie Peng , Ruo-Yang Zhang , Shiqi Jia , Wei Liu , Shubo Wang

Nematic liquid crystals can dramatically reconfigure under dynamic forcing, providing exciting opportunities in active matter. Here, we study a hybrid disk colloid rotated by an external field which generates a dynamic companion topological…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-05-26 Qi Xing Zhang , Claire Dore , Mojtaba Rajabi , Edward B. Steager , Kathleen J. Stebe

Liquid crystals formed of bent-core molecules are exotic materials that exhibit the twist-bend nematic phase. This arises when an energetic preference for nonzero local bend distortion is accommodated via twist in the texture, resulting in…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-05-23 Joseph Pollard , Richard G. Morris

Liquid crystal elastomers and glasses can have significant shape change determined by their director patterns. Cones deformed from circular director patterns have non-trivial Gaussian curvature localised at tips, curved interfaces, and…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-07-02 Fan Feng , John S. Biggins , Mark Warner

The emergence of new techniques for the fabrication of nematic droplets with nontrivial topology provides new routes for the assembly of responsive devices. Here we perform a numerical study of spherical nematic droplets on fibres. We…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-12-30 V. M. O. Batista , N. M. Silvestre , M. M. Telo da Gama

Topological defects can appear whenever there is some type of ordering. Its ubiquity in nature has been the subject of several studies, from early Universe to condensed matter. In this work, we investigated the annihilation dynamics of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-06-15 R. R. Guimarães , R. S. Mendes , P. R. G. Fernandes , H. Mukai

We present a general theory of electric field effects in liquid crystals where the dielectric tensor depends on the orientation order. As applications, we examine (i) the director fluctuations in nematic states in electric field for…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-10 Akira Onuki

Topological defects are thought to be left behind by the cosmological phase transitions which occur as the universe expands and cools. Similar processes can be studied in the phase transitions which take place in the laboratory:…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2014-10-13 Wojciech Hubert Zurek

In the framework of the Closed-Time-Path formalism, we show how topological defects may arise in Quantum Field Theory as result of a localized (inhomogeneous) condensation of particles. We demonstrate our approach on two examples; kinks in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Massimo Blasone , Petr Jizba

We study the low-temperature regime of an atomic liquid on the hyperbolic plane by means of molecular dynamics simulation and we compare the results to a continuum theory of defects in a negatively curved hexagonal background. In agreement…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2010-03-17 François Sausset , Gilles Tarjus , David R. Nelson

A continuum mechanical framework for the description of the geometry and kinematics of defects in material structure is proposed. The setting applies to a body manifold of any dimension which is devoid of a Riemannian or a parallelism…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2014-01-15 Marcelo Epstein , Reuven Segev

Topological defects play a central role in the formation and organization of various biological systems. Historically, such nonequilibrium defects have been mainly studied in the context of homogeneous active nematics. Phase-separated…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-07-13 Timo Krüger , Ivan Maryshev , Erwin Frey

Topological insulators are crystalline materials that have revolutionized our ability to control wave transport. They provide us with unidirectional channels that are immune to obstacles, defects or local disorder, and can even survive some…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-12-12 Zhe Zhang , Pierre Delplace , Romain Fleury

Directing individual motions of many constituents to coherent dynamical state is a fundamental challenge in multiple fields. Here, based on the spherical crystal model, we show that topological defects in particle arrays can be a crucial…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-06-11 Zhenwei Yao

Nematic liquid crystal (LC) is a partially ordered matter that has been a popular model system for studying a variety of topological behaviors in condensed matter. In this work, utilizing a spontaneously twisting achiral LC, we introduce a…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-11-02 Madina Almukambetova , Arman Javadi , Jonghee Eun , Juneil Jang , Cheol-Min Ghim , Joonwoo Jeong

Handedness of the director twist in cholesteric liquid crystals is commonly assumed to be the same throughout the medium, determined solely by the chirality of constituent molecules or chiral additives, albeit distortions of the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-04-26 P. J. Ackerman , I. I. Smalyukh

Topological defects play a pivotal role in the physics of liquid crystals and represent one of the most prominent and well studied aspects of mesophases. While in two-dimensional nematics, disclinations are traditionally treated as…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-07-28 Arthur J. Vromans , Luca Giomi

Topological defects play a central role in the physics of many materials, including magnets, superconductors and liquid crystals. In active fluids, defects become autonomous particles that spontaneously propel from internal active stresses…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-06-12 Suraj Shankar , Luca V. D. Scharrer , Mark J. Bowick , M. Cristina Marchetti

Active nematics are fluids in which the components have nematic symmetry and are driven out of equilibrium due to the microscopic generation of an active stress. When the active stress is high, it drives flows in the nematic and can lead to…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-11-10 Daniel J. G. Pearce , Berta Martínez-Prat , Jordi Ignés-Mullol , Francesc Sagués

Using tools and concepts from contact topology we show that non-vanishing twist implies conservation of the layer structure in cholesteric liquid crystals. This leads to a number of additional topological invariants for cholesteric…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2018-06-04 Thomas Machon