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Context: Software Architecture (SA) and Source Code (SC) are two intertwined artefacts that represent the interdependent design decisions made at different levels of abstractions - High-Level (HL) and Low-Level (LL). An understanding of the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Fangchao Tian , Peng Liang , Muhammad Ali Babar

There exists a large number of research works analyzing questions and answers on the popular Stack Overflow website. However, other sub-sites of the Stack Exchange platform are studied rarely. In this paper, we analyze the questions and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Matúš Sulír , Marcel Regeci

Context: Stack Overflow is a popular community question and answer portal used by practitioners to solve problems during software development. Developers can focus their attention on answers that have been accepted or where members have…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Osayande P. Omondiagbe , Sherlock A. Licorish , Stephen G. MacDonell

On the Stack Overflow (SO) Q&A site, users often request solutions to their code-related problems (e.g., errors, unexpected behavior). Unfortunately, they often miss required code snippets during their question submission, which could…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Saikat Mondal , Mohammad Masudur Rahman , Chanchal K. Roy

Context. Despite the increasing adoption of Machine Learning Operations (MLOps), teams still encounter challenges in effectively applying this paradigm to their specific projects. While there is a large variety of available tools usable for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Faezeh Amou Najafabadi , Justus Bogner , Ilias Gerostathopoulos , Patricia Lago

Information Architecture (IA) is a blueprint for the information system in websites or other information-rich environments. It corresponds to how we organize, label and structure information. The importance of Information Architecture and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Mariam Guizani

An essential part of software maintenance and evolution, refactoring is performed by developers, regardless of technology or domain, to improve the internal quality of the system, and reduce its technical debt. However, choosing the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Anthony Peruma , Steven Simmons , Eman Abdullah AlOmar , Christian D. Newman , Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer , Ali Ouni

Software architecture is receiving increasingly attention as a critical design level for software systems. As software architecture design resources (in the form of architectural descriptions) are going to be accumulated, the development of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Jianjun Zhao

Architecture decision making is considered one of the most challenging cognitive tasks in software development. The objective of this study is to explore the state of the practice of architecture decision making in software teams, including…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-07-04 Sandun Dasanayake , Jouni Markkula , Sanja Aaramaa , Markku Oivo

Suboptimal code is prevalent in software systems. Developers often write low-quality code due to factors like technical knowledge gaps, insufficient experience, time pressure, management decisions, or personal factors. Once integrated, the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-11 In-on Wiratsin , Chaiyong Ragkhitwetsagul , Matheus Paixao , Denis De Sousa , Pongpop Lapvikai , Peter Haddawy

Choosing an appropriate software development technology (e.g., programming language) is challenging due to the proliferation of diverse options. The selection of inappropriate technologies for development may have a far-reaching effect on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Saikat Mondal , Debajyoti Mondal , Chanchal K. Roy

High-quality answers in technical Q&A platforms like Stack Overflow (SO) are crucial as they directly influence software development practices. Poor-quality answers can introduce inefficiencies, bugs, and security vulnerabilities, and thus…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Saikat Mondal , Chanchal K. Roy

Software architecture (SA) is celebrating 25 years. This is so if we consider the seminal papers establishing SA as a distinct discipline and scientific publications that have identified cornerstones of both research and practice, like…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-06-12 Henry Muccini , Patricia Lago , Karthik Vaidyanathan , Francesco Osborne , Eltjo Poort

Images are increasingly being shared by software developers in diverse channels including question-and-answer forums like Stack Overflow. Although prior work has pointed out that these images are meaningful and provide complementary…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Dong Wang , Tao Xiao , Christoph Treude , Raula Gaikovina Kula , Hideaki Hata , Yasutaka Kamei

Architecture Definition, which is central to system design, is one of the two most used technical processes in the practice of model-based systems engineering. In this paper a fundamental approach to architecture definition is presented and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-03-25 Charles E. Dickerson , Michael K. Wilkinson , Eugenie Hunsicker , Siyuan Ji , Mole Li , Yves Bernard , Graham Bleakley , Peter Denno

In the rapidly evolving landscape of developer communities, Q&A platforms serve as crucial resources for crowdsourcing developers' knowledge. A notable trend is the increasing use of images to convey complex queries more effectively.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Faiz Ahmed , Suprakash Datta , Maleknaz Nayebi

For their attractiveness, comprehensiveness and dynamic coverage of relevant topics, community-based question answering sites such as Stack Overflow heavily rely on the engagement of their communities: Questions on new technologies,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Thi Huyen Nguyen , Tu Nguyen , Tuan-Anh Hoang , Claudia Niederée

At present organizations try to achieve competitive advantages using information technology (IT). Organizations not only use Information technology to manage their internal operations but also to collaborate with their customers and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-16 MS. Faathima Fayaza

System architecture diagrams play an essential role in understanding system architecture. They encourage more active discussion among participants and make it easier to recall system details. However, system architecture diagrams often…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Jalves Nicacio , Fabio Petrillo

Secure by Design has become the mainstream development approach ensuring that software systems are not vulnerable to cyberattacks. Architectural security controls need to be carefully monitored over the software development life cycle to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Ahmet Okutan , Ali Shokri , Viktoria Koscinski , Mohamad Fazelinia , Mehdi Mirakhorli