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As an important type of reinforcement learning algorithms, actor-critic (AC) and natural actor-critic (NAC) algorithms are often executed in two ways for finding optimal policies. In the first nested-loop design, actor's one update of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Tengyu Xu , Zhe Wang , Yingbin Liang

This paper investigates the optimal control problem for a class of discrete-time stochastic systems subject to additive and multiplicative noises. A stochastic Lyapunov equation and a stochastic algebra Riccati equation are established for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-24 Jing Lai , Junlin Xiong , Zhan Shu

\Ac{MPC} and \ac{RL} are two powerful control strategies with, arguably, complementary advantages. In this work, we show how actor-critic \ac{RL} techniques can be leveraged to improve the performance of \ac{MPC}. The \ac{RL} critic is used…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-07 Rudolf Reiter , Andrea Ghezzi , Katrin Baumgärtner , Jasper Hoffmann , Robert D. McAllister , Moritz Diehl

Model-free deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have been demonstrated on a range of challenging decision making and control tasks. However, these methods typically suffer from two major challenges: very high sample complexity and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-10 Tuomas Haarnoja , Aurick Zhou , Pieter Abbeel , Sergey Levine

In this paper, we consider the problem of deploying a robot from a specification given as a temporal logic statement about some properties satisfied by the regions of a large, partitioned environment. We assume that the robot has noisy…

Robotics · Computer Science 2012-02-24 Xu Chu Ding , Jing Wang , Morteza Lahijanian , Ioannis Ch. Paschalidis , Calin A. Belta

Although actor-critic methods have been successful in practice, their theoretical analyses have several limitations. Specifically, existing theoretical work either sidesteps the exploration problem by making strong assumptions or analyzes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Max Qiushi Lin , Reza Asad , Kevin Tan , Haque Ishfaq , Csaba Szepesvari , Sharan Vaswani

This paper introduces the Active-Importance-Sampling Actor-Critic (AISAC) algorithm, an extension of the Actor-Critic framework for reducing variance in policy gradient estimation. AISAC optimizes the behavior policy to minimize gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Majid Molaei , Gabor Paczolay , Matteo Papini , Alberto Maria Metelli , Marcello Restelli

We develop an approach for solving time-consistent risk-sensitive stochastic optimization problems using model-free reinforcement learning (RL). Specifically, we assume agents assess the risk of a sequence of random variables using dynamic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Anthony Coache , Sebastian Jaimungal

In this paper, we propose a distributed off-policy actor critic method to solve multi-agent reinforcement learning problems. Specifically, we assume that all agents keep local estimates of the global optimal policy parameter and update…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-25 Yan Zhang , Michael M. Zavlanos

Generalizability and stability are two key objectives for operating reinforcement learning (RL) agents in the real world. Designing RL algorithms that optimize these objectives can be a costly and painstaking process. This paper presents…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Juan Jose Garau-Luis , Yingjie Miao , John D. Co-Reyes , Aaron Parisi , Jie Tan , Esteban Real , Aleksandra Faust

This paper presents a method to stabilize state and input constrained nonlinear systems using an offline optimization on variable triangulations of the set of admissible states. For control-affine systems, by choosing a continuous piecewise…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-02 Reza Lavaei , Leila Bridgeman

We study a new two-time-scale stochastic gradient method for solving optimization problems, where the gradients are computed with the aid of an auxiliary variable under samples generated by time-varying MDPs controlled by the underlying…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-27 Sihan Zeng , Thinh T. Doan , Justin Romberg

Policy iteration is one of the classical frameworks of reinforcement learning, which requires a known initial stabilizing control. However, finding the initial stabilizing control depends on the known system model. To relax this requirement…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-20 Dongdong Li , Jiuxiang Dong

This paper investigates methods for estimating the optimal stochastic control policy for a Markov Decision Process with unknown transition dynamics and an unknown reward function. This form of model-free reinforcement learning comprises…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Brandon Trabucco , Albert Qu , Simon Li , Ganeshkumar Ashokavardhanan

Deep neural networks are increasingly used as an effective parameterization of control policies in various learning-based control paradigms. For continuous-time optimal control problems (OCPs), which are central to many decision-making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Joshua Hang Sai Ip , Georgios Makrygiorgos , Ali Mesbah

Actor-critic (AC) methods have exhibited great empirical success compared with other reinforcement learning algorithms, where the actor uses the policy gradient to improve the learning policy and the critic uses temporal difference learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Yue Wu , Weitong Zhang , Pan Xu , Quanquan Gu

Actor-critic methods, a type of model-free Reinforcement Learning, have been successfully applied to challenging tasks in continuous control, often achieving state-of-the art performance. However, wide-scale adoption of these methods in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-29 Kamil Ciosek , Quan Vuong , Robert Loftin , Katja Hofmann

This work presents and showcases a novel reinforcement learning agent called Critic As Lyapunov Function (CALF) which is model-free and ensures online environment, in other words, dynamical system stabilization. Online means that in each…

In this paper, we study the simultaneous stability problem of a finite number of locally inter-connected linear subsystems under practical constraints, including asynchronous and aperiodic sampling, time-varying delays, and measurement…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-10-06 Feng Xiao , Yang Shi , Wei Ren

This paper considers time-average stochastic optimization, where a time average decision vector, an average of decision vectors chosen in every time step from a time-varying (possibly non-convex) set, minimizes a convex objective function…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-01-29 Sucha Supittayapornpong , Michael J. Neely