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Although quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has demonstrated its quantum supremacy, its performance on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices would be influenced by complicated noises, e.g., quantum colored noises.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-04 Bo Yue , Shibei Xue , Yu Pan , Min Jiang

The limited number of qubits is a major bottleneck in Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) for large-scale combinatorial optimization in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era. To make progress, existing techniques…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xiaoyu Ma , Fang Fang , Ximing Xie , Xianbin Wang , Lajos Hanzo

We present Snapshot-QAOA, a variation of the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) that finds approximate minimum energy eigenstates of a large set of quantum Hamiltonians (i.e. Hamiltonians with non-diagonal terms).…

Quantum computing is a computational paradigm with the potential to outperform classical methods for a variety of problems. Proposed recently, the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is considered as one of the leading…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Sami Khairy , Ruslan Shaydulin , Lukasz Cincio , Yuri Alexeev , Prasanna Balaprakash

Maximum cut (Max-Cut) problem is one of the most important combinatorial optimization problems because of its various applications in real life, and recently Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) has been widely employed to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-31 Yiren Lu , Guojing Tian , Xiaoming Sun

Quantum annealing (QA) is one of the efficient methods to calculate the ground-state energy of a problem Hamiltonian. In the absence of noise, QA can accurately estimate the ground-state energy if the adiabatic condition is satisfied.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-18 Yuta Shingu , Tetsuro Nikuni , Shiro Kawabata , Yuichiro Matsuzaki

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has the potential of providing a useful quantum advantage on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. The effects of uncorrelated noise on variational quantum algorithms such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-08 Joris Kattemölle , Guido Burkard

The capability of the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) in solving the combinatorial optimization problems has been intensively studied in recent years due to its application in the quantum-classical hybrid regime. Despite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-15 Xinwei Lee , Xinjian Yan , Ningyi Xie , Yoshiyuki Saito , Dongsheng Cai , Nobuyoshi Asai

The Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz (QAOA) represents a branch of quantum algorithms for solving combinatorial optimization problems. A specific variant, the Grover-Mixer Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz (GM-QAOA), ensures uniform…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-27 Ningyi Xie , Jiahua Xu , Tiejin Chen , Xinwei Lee , Yoshiyuki Saito , Nobuyoshi Asai , Dongsheng Cai

Quantum annealers (QAs) are specialized quantum computers that minimize objective functions over discrete variables by physically exploiting quantum effects. Current QA platforms allow for the optimization of quadratic objectives defined…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-11-07 Zhengbing Bian , Fabian Chudak , William Macready , Aidan Roy , Roberto Sebastiani , Stefano Varotti

Quantum computers are expected to offer significant advantages in solving complex optimization problems that are challenging for classical computers. Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems represent an important class…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Teemu Pihkakoski , Aravind Plathanam Babu , Pauli Taipale , Petri Liimatta , Matti Silveri

Quantum annealers are specialized quantum computers for solving combinatorial optimization problems using special characteristics of quantum computing (QC), such as superposition, entanglement, and quantum tunneling. Theoretically, quantum…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Xinyi Wang , Asmar Muqeet , Tao Yue , Shaukat Ali , Paolo Arcaini

Quantum computers are increasing in size and quality, but are still very noisy. Error mitigation extends the size of the quantum circuits that noisy devices can meaningfully execute. However, state-of-the-art error mitigation methods are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-25 Stefan H. Sack , Daniel J. Egger

Quantum annealing (QA) is a heuristic search algorithm that can run on Adiabatic Quantum Computation (AQC) processors to solve combinatorial optimization problems. Although theoretical studies and simulations on classic hardware have shown…

We propose Quantum Enhanced Simulated Annealing (QESA), a novel hybrid optimization framework that integrates quantum annealing (QA) into simulated annealing (SA) to tackle continuous optimization problems. While QA has shown promise in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-04 Hristo N. Djidjev

Solving hard optimization problems is one of the most promising application domains for quantum computers due to the ubiquity of such problems in industry and the availability of broadly applicable quantum speedups. However, the ability of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-25 Zichang He , Rudy Raymond , Ruslan Shaydulin , Marco Pistoia

Quantum computing promises solutions to classically difficult and new-found problems through controlling the subtleties of quantum computing. The Quantum Approximate Optimisation Algorithm (QAOA) is a recently proposed quantum algorithm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-24 Nicholas J. Pritchard

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) adopts a hybrid quantum-classical approach to find approximate solutions to variational optimization problems. In fact, it relies on a classical subroutine to optimize the parameters of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-31 Simone Tibaldi , Davide Vodola , Edoardo Tignone , Elisa Ercolessi

The intractability of deterministic solutions in solving $\mathcal{NP}$-Hard Combinatorial Optimisation Problems (COP) is well reported in the literature. One mechanism for overcoming this difficulty has been the use of efficient COP…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-25 Maxine T. Khumalo , Hazel A. Chieza , Krupa Prag , Matthew Woolway

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is widely seen as a possible usage of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. We analyze the algorithm as a bang-bang protocol with fixed total time and a randomized greedy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-16 Daniel Liang , Li Li , Stefan Leichenauer
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