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We address the challenge of federated learning on graph-structured data distributed across multiple clients. Specifically, we focus on the prevalent scenario of interconnected subgraphs, where interconnections between different clients play…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Javad Aliakbari , Johan Östman , Alexandre Graell i Amat

One of the key challenges of collaborative machine learning, without data sharing, is multimodal data heterogeneity in real-world settings. While Federated Learning (FL) enables model training across multiple clients, existing frameworks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Alejandro Guerra-Manzanares , Omar El-Herraoui , Michail Maniatakos , Farah E. Shamout

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging distributed training paradigm that aims to learn a common global model without exchanging or transferring the data that are stored locally at different clients. The Federated Averaging (FedAvg)-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Xiaolu Wang , Zijian Li , Shi Jin , Jun Zhang

There is a growing interest in applying machine learning techniques to healthcare. Recently, federated learning (FL) is gaining popularity since it allows researchers to train powerful models without compromising data privacy and security.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Wang Lu , Jindong Wang , Yiqiang Chen , Xin Qin , Renjun Xu , Dimitrios Dimitriadis , Tao Qin

Federated Learning (FL) suffers significant performance degradation in real-world deployments characterized by moderate to extreme statistical heterogeneity (non-IID client data). While global aggregation strategies promote broad…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Prakash Kumbhakar , Shrey Srivastava , Haroon R Lone

Multimodal Federated Learning (MFL) enables clients with heterogeneous data modalities to collaboratively train models without sharing raw data, offering a privacy-preserving framework that leverages complementary cross-modal information.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Min Tan , Junchao Ma , Yinfu Feng , Jiajun Ding , Wenwen Pan , Tingting Han , Qian Zheng , Zhenzhong Kuang , Zhou Yu

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning paradigm where multiple clients conduct local training based on their private data, then the updated models are sent to a central server for global aggregation. The practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Harsh Vardhan , Xiaofan Yu , Tajana Rosing , Arya Mazumdar

To leverage enormous unlabeled data on distributed edge devices, we formulate a new problem in federated learning called Federated Unsupervised Representation Learning (FURL) to learn a common representation model without supervision while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Fengda Zhang , Kun Kuang , Zhaoyang You , Tao Shen , Jun Xiao , Yin Zhang , Chao Wu , Yueting Zhuang , Xiaolin Li

Federated learning-assisted edge intelligence enables privacy protection in modern intelligent services. However, not independent and identically distributed (non-IID) distribution among edge clients can impair the local model performance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Yu Qiao , Md. Shirajum Munir , Apurba Adhikary , Huy Q. Le , Avi Deb Raha , Chaoning Zhang , Choong Seon Hong

In federated learning (FL), accommodating clients with diverse resource constraints remains a significant challenge. A widely adopted approach is to use a shared full-size model, from which each client extracts a submodel aligned with its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Wenfei Liang , Wee Peng Tay

Heterogeneity arising from label distribution skew and data scarcity can cause inaccuracy and unfairness in intelligent communication applications that heavily rely on distributed computing. To deal with it, this paper proposes a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Chenghao Huang , Xiaolu Chen , Yanru Zhang , Hao Wang

In federated learning (FL), classifiers (e.g., deep networks) are trained on datasets from multiple data centers without exchanging data across them, which improves the sample efficiency. However, the conventional FL setting assumes the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Qiong Zhang , Jing Peng , Xin Zhang , Aline Talhouk , Gang Niu , Xiaoxiao Li

Federated learning has been widely applied to enable decentralized devices, which each have their own local data, to learn a shared model. However, learning from real-world data can be challenging, as it is rarely identically and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Kavya Kopparapu , Eric Lin , Jessica Zhao

In a privacy-focused era, Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a promising machine learning technique. However, most existing FL studies assume that the data distribution remains nearly fixed over time, while real-world scenarios often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Lixu Wang , Chenxi Liu , Junfeng Guo , Jiahua Dong , Xiao Wang , Heng Huang , Qi Zhu

In federated learning, clients share a global model that has been trained on decentralized local client data. Although federated learning shows significant promise as a key approach when data cannot be shared or centralized, current methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Edvin Listo Zec , Olof Mogren , John Martinsson , Leon René Sütfeld , Daniel Gillblad

Federated Learning (FL) facilitates collaborative training of a shared global model without exposing clients' private data. In practical FL systems, clients (e.g., edge servers, smartphones, and wearables) typically have disparate system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Leming Shen , Qiang Yang , Kaiyan Cui , Yuanqing Zheng , Xiao-Yong Wei , Jianwei Liu , Jinsong Han

Label Distribution Learning (LDL) models supervision as an instance-wise probability distribution, enabling fine-grained learning under inherent ambiguity, but its success relies on high-fidelity label distributions that are costly to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Junxiang Wu , Zhiqiang Kou , Hongwei Zeng , Wenke Huang , Biao Liu , Hanlin Gu , Yuheng Jia , Di Jiang , Yang Liu , Xin Geng

How to tackle non-iid data is a crucial topic in federated learning. This challenging problem not only affects training process, but also harms performance of clients not participating in training. Existing literature mainly focuses on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Meirui Jiang , Xiaoxiao Li , Xiaofei Zhang , Michael Kamp , Qi Dou

Federated learning is gaining popularity as a distributed machine learning method that can be used to deploy AI-dependent IoT applications while protecting client data privacy and security. Due to the differences of clients, a single global…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Xingjian Cao , Gang Sun , Hongfang Yu , Mohsen Guizani

Real-world federated learning faces two key challenges: limited access to labelled data and the presence of heterogeneous multi-modal inputs. This paper proposes TACTFL, a unified framework for semi-supervised multi-modal federated…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Guanxiong Sun , Majid Mirmehdi , Zahraa Abdallah , Raul Santos-Rodriguez , Ian Craddock , Telmo de Menezes e Silva Filho