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Building on a model introduced by Mandal and Jarzynski [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., {\bf 109}, (2012) 11641], we present a simple version of an autonomous reversible Maxwell's demon. By changing the entropy of a tape consisting of a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-05-15 Andre Cardoso Barato , Udo Seifert

We obtain generalizations of the Kelvin-Planck, Clausius, and Carnot statements of the second law of thermodynamics, for situations involving information processing. To this end, we consider an information reservoir (representing, e.g. a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-10-21 Sebastian Deffner , Christopher Jarzynski

Modern digital electronics support remarkably reliable computing, especially given the challenge of controlling nanoscale logical components that interact in fluctuating environments. However, we demonstrate that the high-reliability limit…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-10-07 P. M. Riechers , A. B. Boyd , G. W. Wimsatt , J. P. Crutchfield

The fundamental lower bounds of the thermodynamic energy cost (work) needed for the measurement and the erasure of information are found. The lower bound for the erasure vindicates the "Landauer's principle" for a special case, but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Takahiro Sagawa , Masahito Ueda

In the Second Law of Thermodynamics which is a macroscopic physical law that states that in any isolated system, entropy can only increase and order, or organization, can only decrease. This means that in the long run, energy will always…

Classical Physics · Physics 2021-11-25 Srinivasa Rao. P

We study a two-level system controlled in a discrete feedback loop, modeling both the system and the controller in terms of stochastic Markov processes. We find that the extracted work, which is known to be bounded from above by the mutual…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-09-02 Jaegon Um , Haye Hinrichsen , Chulan Kwon , Hyunggyu Park

The heat capacity $\mathcal{C}$ of a given probe is a fundamental quantity that determines, among other properties, the maximum precision in temperature estimation. In turn, $\mathcal{C}$ is limited by a quadratic scaling with the number of…

Maxwell's demon is a special case of a feedback controlled system, where information gathered by measurement is utilized by driving a system along a thermodynamic process that depends on the measurement outcome. The demon illustrates that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-16 Jordan M. Horowitz , Juan M. R. Parrondo

Computational complexity is a particularly important objective. The idea of Landauer principle was extended through mapping three classic problems (sorting,ordered searching and max of N unordered numbers) into Maxwell demon thought…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-12-04 Feng Pan , Heng-liang Zhang , Qi Jie

Maxwell's demon is the quintessential example of information control, which is necessary for designing quantum devices. In thermodynamics, the demon is an intelligent being who utilizes the entropic nature of information to sort excitations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-05 Kasper Poulsen , Marco Majland , Seth Lloyd , Morten Kjaergaard , Nikolaj T. Zinner

Landauer's erasure principle is a cornerstone of thermodynamics and information theory. According to this principle, erasing information incurs a minimum energy cost. Recently, Vaccaro and Barnett [Proc. R. Soc {\bf 467}, 1770 (2011)]…

In recent advances in finite-time thermodynamics, optimization of entropy production required for finite-time information processing is an important issue. In this work, we consider finite-time feedback processes in classical discrete…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-03-18 Rihito Nagase , Takahiro Sagawa

Second law of thermodynamics can be apparently violated for systems whose dynamics depends on acquired information by measurement. However, when one consider measurement and erasure process together along with the system it saves the second…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-11-08 Shubhashis Rana , A. M. Jayannavar

Motivated by the possible applications that a better understanding of consciousness might bring, we follow Tononi's idea and calculate analytically a complexity index for two systems of Ising spins with parallel update dynamics, the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-04-28 Otavio Citton , Nestor Caticha

To induce transport, detailed balance must be broken. A common mechanism is to bias the dynamics with a thermodynamic fuel, such as chemical energy. An intriguing, alternative strategy is for a Maxwell demon to effect the bias using…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-11 Jordan M. Horowitz , Takahiro Sagawa , Juan M. R. Parrondo

In many assembly line processes like metabolic and signaling networks in biological systems, the products of the first enzyme is the reactant for the next enzyme in the network. Working of multiple machines leads to efficient utilization of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-06-17 Sandipan Dutta

We review the physical foundations of Landauer's Principle, which relates the loss of information from a computational process to an increase in thermodynamic entropy. Despite the long history of the Principle, its fundamental rationale and…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Michael P. Frank

We present a critical examination of the difficulties with the quantum versions of a lifted weight that are widely used as work storage systems in quantum thermodynamics. To overcome those difficulties, we turn to the strong connections…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-05 Shang-Yung Wang

We present a pedagogical review of the fundamental concepts in thermodynamics of information, by focusing on the second law of thermodynamics and the entropy production. Especially, we discuss the relationship among thermodynamic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-12-20 Takahiro Sagawa

We present an axiomatic framework for thermodynamics that incorporates information as a fundamental concept. The axioms describe both ordinary thermodynamic processes and those in which information is acquired, used and erased, as in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-09 Austin Hulse , Benjamin Schumacher , Michael D. Westmoreland