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This paper introduces a scalable causal inference framework for estimating the immediate, session-level effects of on-demand human tutoring embedded within adaptive learning systems. Because students seek assistance at moments of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Kirk Vanacore , Danielle R Thomas , Digory Smith , Bibi Groot , Justin Reich , Rene Kizilcec

Knowledge tracing (KT) aims to estimate student's knowledge mastery based on their historical interactions. Recently, the deep learning based KT (DLKT) approaches have achieved impressive performance in the KT task. These DLKT models…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Hengyuan Zhang , Zitao Liu , Shuyan Huang , Chenming Shang , Bojun Zhan , Yong Jiang

Knowledge distillation (KD) is a technique for transferring knowledge from complex teacher models to simpler student models, significantly enhancing model efficiency and accuracy. It has demonstrated substantial advancements in various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Junjie Yang , Junhao Song , Xudong Han , Ziqian Bi , Tianyang Wang , Chia Xin Liang , Xinyuan Song , Yichao Zhang , Qian Niu , Benji Peng , Keyu Chen , Ming Liu

Previous logits-based Knowledge Distillation (KD) have utilized predictions about multiple categories within each sample (i.e., class predictions) and have employed Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence to reduce the discrepancy between the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Gyeongdo Ham , Seonghak Kim , Suin Lee , Jae-Hyeok Lee , Daeshik Kim

The goal of Knowledge Tracing (KT) is to estimate how well students have mastered a concept based on their historical learning of related exercises. The benefit of knowledge tracing is that students' learning plans can be better organised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Xiangyu Song , Jianxin Li , Qi Lei , Wei Zhao , Yunliang Chen , Ajmal Mian

Knowledge Distillation (KD) has emerged as an effective model compression technique in deep learning, enabling the transfer of knowledge from a large teacher model to a compact student model. While KD has demonstrated significant success,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Suyoung Kim , Seonguk Park , Junhoo Lee , Nojun Kwak

With the rapid development of online education system, knowledge tracing which aims at predicting students' knowledge state is becoming a critical and fundamental task in personalized education. Traditionally, existing methods are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Song Cheng , Qi Liu , Enhong Chen

Knowledge distillation (KD) is an effective framework to transfer knowledge from a large-scale teacher to a compact yet well-performing student. Previous KD practices for pre-trained language models mainly transfer knowledge by aligning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Lean Wang , Lei Li , Xu Sun

Logit-based knowledge distillation (KD) for classification is cost-efficient compared to feature-based KD but often subject to inferior performance. Recently, it was shown that the performance of logit-based KD can be improved by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Hyungkeun Park , Jong-Seok Lee

Crowd counting is an application-oriented task and its inference efficiency is crucial for real-world applications. However, most previous works relied on heavy backbone networks and required prohibitive run-time consumption, which would…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-12 Lingbo Liu , Jiaqi Chen , Hefeng Wu , Tianshui Chen , Guanbin Li , Liang Lin

Knowledge distillation aims to compress a powerful yet cumbersome teacher model into a lightweight student model without much sacrifice of performance. For this purpose, various approaches have been proposed over the past few years,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Defang Chen , Jian-Ping Mei , Hailin Zhang , Can Wang , Yan Feng , Chun Chen

In this paper, to deal with the heterogeneity in federated learning (FL) systems, a knowledge distillation (KD) driven training framework for FL is proposed, where each user can select its neural network model on demand and distill…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Xiucheng Wang , Nan Cheng , Longfei Ma , Ruijin Sun , Rong Chai , Ning Lu

A central goal of both knowledge tracing and traditional assessment is to quantify student knowledge and skills at a given point in time. Deep knowledge tracing flexibly considers a student's response history but does not quantify epistemic…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-25 S. Thomas Christie , Carson Cook , Anna N. Rafferty

Typical technique in knowledge distillation (KD) is regularizing the learning of a limited capacity model (student) by pushing its responses to match a powerful model's (teacher). Albeit useful especially in the penultimate layer and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Ada Gorgun , Yeti Z. Gurbuz , A. Aydin Alatan

Knowledge Tracing is the process of tracking mastery level of different skills of students for a given learning domain. It is one of the key components for building adaptive learning systems and has been investigated for decades. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Xinyi Ding , Tao Han , Yili Fang , Eric Larson

The expansion of large-scale online education platforms has made vast amounts of student interaction data available for knowledge tracing (KT). KT models estimate students' concept mastery from interaction data, but their performance is…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Qinyi Liu , Lin Li , Valdemar Švábenský , Conrad Borchers , Mohammad Khalil

Knowledge Distillation (KD) is a powerful approach for compressing a large model into a smaller, more efficient model, particularly beneficial for latency-sensitive applications like recommender systems. However, current KD research…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Nikhil Khani , Shuo Yang , Aniruddh Nath , Yang Liu , Pendo Abbo , Li Wei , Shawn Andrews , Maciej Kula , Jarrod Kahn , Zhe Zhao , Lichan Hong , Ed Chi

Expanding existing learning systems to provide high-quality customized models for more domains, such as new users, is challenged by the limited labeled data and the data and device heterogeneities. While knowledge distillation methods could…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Gaole Dai , Huatao Xu , Yifan Yang , Rui Tan , Mo Li

Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD) is a multidisciplinary area focusing upon methodologies for extracting useful knowledge from data and there are several useful KDD tools to extracting the knowledge. This knowledge can be used to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2012-02-24 Surjeet Kumar Yadav , Brijesh Bharadwaj , Saurabh Pal

We propose a novel knowledge distillation approach to facilitate the transfer of dark knowledge from a teacher to a student. Contrary to most of the existing methods that rely on effective training of student models given pretrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Dae Young Park , Moon-Hyun Cha , Changwook Jeong , Dae Sin Kim , Bohyung Han