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Related papers: Normalizing flow neural networks by JKO scheme

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We develop novel neural network-based implicit particle methods to compute high-dimensional Wasserstein-type gradient flows with linear and nonlinear mobility functions. The main idea is to use the Lagrangian formulation in the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-11-14 Wonjun Lee , Li Wang , Wuchen Li

The Jordan-Kinderlehrer-Otto (JKO) scheme provides a stable variational framework for computing Wasserstein gradient flows, but its practical use is often limited by the high computational cost of repeatedly solving the JKO subproblems. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Xue Feng , Li Wang , Deanna Needell , Rongjie Lai

Minimizing functionals in the space of probability distributions can be done with Wasserstein gradient flows. To solve them numerically, a possible approach is to rely on the Jordan-Kinderlehrer-Otto (JKO) scheme which is analogous to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Clément Bonet , Nicolas Courty , François Septier , Lucas Drumetz

Gradient flows are a powerful tool for optimizing functionals in general metric spaces, including the space of probabilities endowed with the Wasserstein metric. A typical approach to solving this optimization problem relies on its…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-02 David Alvarez-Melis , Yair Schiff , Youssef Mroueh

Flow-based generative models enjoy certain advantages in computing the data generation and the likelihood, and have recently shown competitive empirical performance. Compared to the accumulating theoretical studies on related score-based…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-30 Xiuyuan Cheng , Jianfeng Lu , Yixin Tan , Yao Xie

In order to sample from an unnormalized probability density function, we propose to combine continuous normalizing flows (CNFs) with rejection-resampling steps based on importance weights. We relate the iterative training of CNFs with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-14 Johannes Hertrich , Robert Gruhlke

A normalizing flow (NF) is a mapping that transforms a chosen probability distribution to a normal distribution. Such flows are a common technique used for data generation and density estimation in machine learning and data science. The…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-12-01 Alexander Vidal , Samy Wu Fung , Luis Tenorio , Stanley Osher , Levon Nurbekyan

Efficient gradient computation of the Jacobian determinant term is a core problem in many machine learning settings, and especially so in the normalizing flow framework. Most proposed flow models therefore either restrict to a function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-10 T. Anderson Keller , Jorn W. T. Peters , Priyank Jaini , Emiel Hoogeboom , Patrick Forré , Max Welling

Wasserstein gradient flows provide a powerful means of understanding and solving many diffusion equations. Specifically, Fokker-Planck equations, which model the diffusion of probability measures, can be understood as gradient descent over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Petr Mokrov , Alexander Korotin , Lingxiao Li , Aude Genevay , Justin Solomon , Evgeny Burnaev

The seminal paper of Jordan, Kinderlehrer, and Otto introduced what is now widely known as the JKO scheme, an iterative algorithmic framework for computing distributions. This scheme can be interpreted as a Wasserstein gradient flow and has…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-15 Shang Wu , Yazhen Wang

We introduce a deep neural network-based numerical method for solving kinetic Fokker Planck equations, including both linear and nonlinear cases. Building upon the conservative dissipative structure of Vlasov-type equations, we formulate a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-26 Wonjun Lee , Li Wang , Wuchen Li

While behavior cloning with flow/diffusion policies excels at learning complex skills from demonstrations, it remains vulnerable to distributional shift, and standard RL methods struggle to fine-tune these models due to their iterative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Mingyang Sun , Pengxiang Ding , Weinan Zhang , Donglin Wang

Wasserstein gradient flow has emerged as a promising approach to solve optimization problems over the space of probability distributions. A recent trend is to use the well-known JKO scheme in combination with input convex neural networks to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Jiaojiao Fan , Qinsheng Zhang , Amirhossein Taghvaei , Yongxin Chen

Wasserstein Gradient Flow (WGF) describes the gradient dynamics of probability density within the Wasserstein space. WGF provides a promising approach for conducting optimization over the probability distributions. Numerically approximating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jaemoo Choi , Jaewoong Choi , Myungjoo Kang

Diffusion-based models on continuous spaces have seen substantial recent progress through the mathematical framework of gradient flows, leveraging the Wasserstein-2 (${W}_2$) metric via the Jordan-Kinderlehrer-Otto (JKO) scheme. Despite the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Dario Rancati , Jan Maas , Francesco Locatello

We consider the approximation of initial/boundary value problems involving, possibly high-dimensional, dissipative evolution partial differential equations (PDEs) using a deep neural network framework. More specifically, we first propose…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-06-02 Emmanuil H. Georgoulis , Michail Loulakis , Asterios Tsiourvas

A normalizing flow is an invertible mapping between an arbitrary probability distribution and a standard normal distribution; it can be used for density estimation and statistical inference. Computing the flow follows the change of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Derek Onken , Samy Wu Fung , Xingjian Li , Lars Ruthotto

The Normalizing Flow (NF) models a general probability density by estimating an invertible transformation applied on samples drawn from a known distribution. We introduce a new type of NF, called Deep Diffeomorphic Normalizing Flow (DDNF).…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-26 Hadi Salman , Payman Yadollahpour , Tom Fletcher , Kayhan Batmanghelich

A generative model based on a continuous-time normalizing flow between any pair of base and target probability densities is proposed. The velocity field of this flow is inferred from the probability current of a time-dependent density that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Michael S. Albergo , Eric Vanden-Eijnden

This paper studies the convergence properties of the inexact Jordan-Kinderlehrer-Otto (JKO) scheme and proximal-gradient algorithm in the context of Wasserstein spaces. The JKO scheme, a widely-used method for approximating solutions to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-19 Simone Di Marino , Emanuele Naldi , Silvia Villa
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