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Two main frameworks for defining transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton densities are the Collins-Soper-Sterman (CSS) formalism, and the Parton Branching (PB) approach. While PB-TMDs have an explicit dependence on a single scale which…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-09-21 Armando Bermudez Martinez

We show that transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMDPDFs), important non-perturbative quantities for describing the properties of hadrons in high-energy scattering processes such as Drell-Yan and semi-inclusive…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-12-30 Xiangdong Ji , Yizhuang Liu , Yu-Sheng Liu

We develop a theoretical framework to match transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMD PDFs) onto chiral effective theory operators. In this framework the TMD PDF is expressed as a convolution of TMD hadronic…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-05-27 Marston Copeland , Thomas Mehen

Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions (PDFs), in short referred to as TMDs, also take into account the transverse momentum (pT) of the partons. Just as the pT-integrated analogues we want to link them to quark…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-17 M. G. A. Buffing , P. J. Mulders , A. Mukherjee

Parametrizing TMD parton densities and fragmentation functions in ways that consistently match their large transverse momentum behavior in standard collinear factorization has remained notoriously difficult. We show how the problem is…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-06-07 J. O. Gonzalez-Hernandez , T. Rainaldi , T. C. Rogers

Soft-gluon resolution scales characterize parton branching Monte Carlo implementations of the evolution equations for parton distribution functions in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). We examine scenarios with dynamical, i.e., branching-scale…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-07-11 F. Hautmann , L. Keersmaekers , A. Lelek , S. Sadeghi Barzani , S. Taheri Monfared

We apply the joint threshold and transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization theorem to introduce new threshold-TMD distribution functions, including threshold-TMD parton distribution functions (PDFs) and fragmentation functions…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-06-06 Zhong-Bo Kang , Kajal Samanta , Ding Yu Shao , Yang-Li Zeng

The concepts and methods of factorization using transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) parton densities and/or fragmentation functions are summarized.

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-16 John Collins

Transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions are analyzed in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering at low transverse momentum using soft-collinear effective theory. The transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-11-29 Junegone Chay

Hadron production at low transverse momenta in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering can be described by transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization. This formalism has also been widely used to study the Drell-Yan process and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-01-01 Zhong-Bo Kang , Alexei Prokudin , Nobuo Sato , John Terry

The partons' transverse momentum can be explored with QCD lattice simulations by studying the quasi-transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (qTMDPDFs), which are factorized in terms of physical TMDPDFs and soft factors…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-12-19 Óscar del Río , Alexey Vladimirov

Transverse momentum dependent parton distributions (TMDs) appear in many scattering processes at high energy, from the semi-inclusive DIS experiments at a few GeV to the Higgs transverse momentum distribution at the LHC. Predictions for TMD…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-03-23 Daniel Boer

We present a completely gauge-invariant operator definition of transverse-momentum-dependent parton densities (TMD), supplied with longitudinal lightlike gauge links as well as transverse gauge links at lightcone infinity. Within this…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-11-30 I. O. Cherednikov , N. G. Stefanis

This work introduces a novel, nonparametric pixel-based framework for the Bayesian inference and imaging of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distributions. The methodology is built upon a fully differentiable framework that…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-20 Marco Zaccheddu , Leonard Gamberg , Wally Melnitchouk , Daniel Pitonyak , Alexei Prokudin , Jian-Wei Qiu , Nobuo Sato

The hadronization of a high-energy parton is described by fragmentation functions which are introduced through QCD factorizations. While the hadronization mechanism per se remains uknown, fragmentation functions can still be investigated…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-07-07 Kai-Bao Chen , Tianbo Liu , Yu-Kun Song , Shu-Yi Wei

An earlier developed $k_T$-factorization framework to calculate the associated prompt photon and hadronic jets production cross sections at high energies is extended now to the electron-proton deep inelastic scattering. The proposed method…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-08-02 A. V. Lipatov , M. A. Malyshev

Transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions (PDFs), TMDs for short, are defined as the Fourier transform of matrix elements of nonlocal combinations of quark and gluon fields. The nonlocality is bridged by gauge links,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-09-30 D. Boer , M. G. A. Buffing , P. J. Mulders

Transverse-momentum-dependent parton distributions (TMDs) provide three-dimensional images of the partonic structure of the nucleon in momentum space. We made impressive progress in understanding TMDs, both from the theoretical and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-05-20 Alessandro Bacchetta

In this talk, we summarize how QCD evolution can be exploited to improve the treatment of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distribution and fragmentation functions. The methods allow existing non-perturbative fits to be turned…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-10-28 S. Mert Aybat , Ted C. Rogers

We derive a factorization theorem for Drell-Yan process at low q_T using effective field theory methods. In this theorem all the obtained quantities are gauge invariant and the special role of the soft function--and its subtraction…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-03 Miguel G. Echevarria , Ahmad Idilbi , Ignazio Scimemi