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Loophole-free Bell tests are essential if one wishes to perform device-independent quantum key distribution (QKD), since any loophole could be used by a potential adversary to undermine the security of the protocol. Crucial work by Eberhard…

Quantum correlations in Bell and prepare-and-measure experiments are central resources for probing nonclassicality and enabling device-based quantum information protocols. In the absence of shared public randomness (i.e., without run-to-run…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Liang-Liang Sun , Xiang Zhou , Chengjie Zhang , Zizhu Wang , Yong-Shun Song , Sixia Yu

Self-testing is a procedure for characterizing quantum resources with the minimal level of trust. Up to now it has been used as a device-independent certification tool for particular quantum measurements, channels, and pure entangled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-01 Flavio Baccari , Remigiusz Augusiak , Ivan Šupić , Antonio Acín

We investigate the scenario where an observer, Alice, shares a two-qubit state with an arbitrary number of observers, Bobs, via sequentially and independently recycling the qubit in possession of the first Bob. It is known that there exist…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-07 Chirag Srivastava , Mahasweta Pandit , Ujjwal Sen

We present a general method to quantify both bipartite and multipartite entanglement in a device-independent manner, meaning that we put a lower bound on the amount of entanglement present in a system based on observed data only but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-07-29 Tobias Moroder , Jean-Daniel Bancal , Yeong-Cherng Liang , Martin Hofmann , Otfried Gühne

Quantum random number generation (QRNG) is a resource that is a necessity in the field of cryptography. However, its certification has been challenging. In this article, we certify randomness with the aid of quantum entanglement in a device…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-04 Vardaan Mongia , Abhishek Kumar , Shashi Prabhakar , Anindya Banerji , R. P. Singh

Although the realization of useful quantum computers poses significant challenges, swift progress in emerging quantum technologies is making this goal realistically approachable. In this context, one of the essential resources is quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-11 Valeria Saggio , Philip Walther

We demonstrate one-sided device-independent self-testing of any pure entangled two-qubit state based on a fine-grained steering inequality. The maximum violation of a fine-grained steering inequality can be used to witness certain steerable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-06 Zhihao Bian , A. S. Majumdar , C. Jebaratnam , Kunkun Wang , Lei Xiao , Xiang Zhan , Yongsheng Zhang , Peng Xue

Two parties sharing entangled quantum systems can generate correlations that cannot be produced using only shared classical resources. These nonlocal correlations are a fundamental feature of quantum theory but also have practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-06 Lewis Wooltorton , Peter Brown , Roger Colbeck

We present the convergence study of a recurrence entanglement purification protocol using arbitrary two-qubit initial states. The protocol is based on a rank two projector in the Bell basis which serves as a two-qubit operation replacing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-23 Juan Mauricio Torres , József Zsolt Bernád

In quantum cryptography, device-independent (DI) protocols can be certified secure without requiring assumptions about the inner workings of the devices used to perform the protocol. In order to display nonlocality, which is an essential…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-23 Cédric Bamps , Serge Massar , Stefano Pironio

Device-independent self-testing is the possibility of certifying the quantum state and the measurements, up to local isometries, using only the statistics observed by querying uncharacterized local devices. In this paper, we study parallel…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-29 Xingyao Wu , Jean-Daniel Bancal , Matthew McKague , Valerio Scarani

High-dimensional entangled states offer higher information capacity and stronger resilience to noise compared with two-dimensional systems. However, the large number of modes and sensitivity to random rotations complicate experimental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-02 Ohad Lib , Shuheng Liu , Ronen Shekel , Qiongyi He , Marcus Huber , Yaron Bromberg , Giuseppe Vitagliano

Nonlocality is a fascinating and counterintuitive aspect of Nature, revealed by the violation of a Bell inequality. The standard and easiest configuration in which Bell inequalities can be measured has been proposed by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 Enrico Pomarico , Jean-Daniel Bancal , Bruno Sanguinetti , Anas Rochdi , Nicolas Gisin

The only information available about an alleged source of entangled quantum states is the amount $S$ by which the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality is violated: nothing is known about the nature of the system or the measurements…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-12-19 C. -E. Bardyn , T. C. H. Liew , S. Massar , M. McKague , V. Scarani

A conceptually simple and experimentally prevalent class of entanglement witnesses, known as fidelity witnesses, detect entanglement via a state's fidelity with a pure reference state. While existence proofs guarantee that a suitable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-28 Gabriele Riccardi , Daniel E. Jones , Xiao-Dong Yu , Otfried Gühne , Brian T. Kirby

We experimentally investigate the properties of hyperentangled states displaying simultaneous entanglement in multiple degrees of freedom, and find that Bell tests beyond the standard Clauser, Horne, Shimony, Holt inequality can reveal a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-24 Christopher K. Zeitler , Joseph C. Chapman , Eric Chitambar , Paul G. Kwiat

Entangled states that cannot be distilled to maximal entanglement are called bound entangled and they are often viewed as too weak to break the limitations of classical models. Here, we show a strongly contrasting result: that bound…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Armin Tavakoli , Carles Roch i Carceller , Lucas Tendick , Tamás Vértesi

We propose a scheme for building a heralded two-qutrit entangled state from polarized photons. An optical circuit is presented to build the maximally entangled two-qutrit state from two heralded Bell pairs and ideal threshold detectors.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Jaewoo Joo , Terry Rudolph , Barry C. Sanders

If only limited control over a multiparticle quantum system is available, a viable method to characterize correlations is to perform random measurements and consider the moments of the resulting probability distribution. We present…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-23 Satoya Imai , Nikolai Wyderka , Andreas Ketterer , Otfried Gühne