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Driven by recent successes in two-player, zero-sum game solving and playing, artificial intelligence work on games has increasingly focused on algorithms that produce equilibrium-based strategies. However, this approach has been less…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Dustin Morrill , Ryan D'Orazio , Reca Sarfati , Marc Lanctot , James R. Wright , Amy Greenwald , Michael Bowling

We study $n$-player turn-based games played on a finite directed graph. For each play, the players have to pay a cost that they want to minimize. Instead of the well-known notion of Nash equilibrium (NE), we focus on the notion of subgame…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-04-13 Thomas Brihaye , Véronique Bruyère , Noémie Meunier , Jean-François Raskin

We develop provably efficient reinforcement learning algorithms for two-player zero-sum finite-horizon Markov games with simultaneous moves. To incorporate function approximation, we consider a family of Markov games where the reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Qiaomin Xie , Yudong Chen , Zhaoran Wang , Zhuoran Yang

We introduce a new approach for computing optimal equilibria via learning in games. It applies to extensive-form settings with any number of players, including mechanism design, information design, and solution concepts such as correlated,…

This paper presents a technique for approximating, up to any precision, the set of subgame-perfect equilibria (SPE) in discounted repeated games. The process starts with a single hypercube approximation of the set of SPE. Then the initial…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2010-02-10 Andriy Burkov , Brahim Chaib-draa

Generalized Nash equilibrium (GNE) is a solution concept for complete information games, in which each player's objective function and feasible region depend on other players' actions. While numerical methods for finding GNE when players…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-10 Stuart M. Harwood , Dimitri J. Papageorgiou

The Nash Equilibrium (NE), one of the elegant and fundamental concepts in game theory, plays a crucial part within various fields, including engineering and computer science. However, efficiently computing an NE in normal-form games remains…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-01 Jianing Chen

The extensive-form game has been studied considerably in recent years. It can represent games with multiple decision points and incomplete information, and hence it is helpful in formulating games with uncertain inputs, such as poker. We…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Keigo Habara , Ellen Hidemi Fukuda , Nobuo Yamashita

As part of an effort to apply the rigorous guarantees of formal verification to multi-agent systems, the field of equilibrium analysis, also called rational verification, studies equilibria in multiplayer games to reason about system-level…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Senthil Rajasekaran , Jean-François Raskin , Moshe Y. Vardi

We propose a refinement of correlated equilibrium based on mediator errors, called correlated perfect equilibrium (CPE). In finite games, the set of CPE is nonempty and forms a finite union of convex sets. Like perfect equilibrium, a CPE…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-10-10 Wanying Huang , J. Jude Kline , Priscilla Man

One of the most appealing aspects of the (coarse) correlated equilibrium concept is that natural dynamics quickly arrive at approximations of such equilibria, even in games with many players. In addition, there exist polynomial-time…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-04-24 Siddharth Barman , Katrina Ligett

Finite-horizon probabilistic multiagent concurrent game systems, also known as finite multiplayer stochastic games, are a well-studied model in computer science due to their ability to represent a wide range of real-world scenarios…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Senthil Rajasekaran , Moshe Y. Vardi

As quantum processors advance, the emergence of large-scale decentralized systems involving interacting quantum-enabled agents is on the horizon. Recent research efforts have explored quantum versions of Nash and correlated equilibria as…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Wayne Lin , Georgios Piliouras , Ryann Sim , Antonios Varvitsiotis

Game theory is a very profound study on distributed decision-making behavior and has been extensively developed by many scholars. However, many existing works rely on certain strict assumptions such as knowing the opponent's private…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Kuo Chun Tsai , Zhu Han

Stackelberg equilibrium is a solution concept in two-player games where the leader has commitment rights over the follower. In recent years, it has become a cornerstone of many security applications, including airport patrolling and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Chun Kai Ling , Noam Brown

Contemporary applications of machine learning in two-team e-sports and the superior expressivity of multi-agent generative adversarial networks raise important and overlooked theoretical questions regarding optimization in two-team games.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Fivos Kalogiannis , Ioannis Panageas , Emmanouil-Vasileios Vlatakis-Gkaragkounis

Coarse correlated equilibria (CCE) are a good alternative to Nash equilibria (NE), as they arise more naturally as outcomes of learning algorithms and they may exhibit higher payoffs than NE. CCEs include a device which allows players'…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-08 Luciano Campi , Federico Cannerozzi , Fanny Cartellier

We propose the Subgame Credible Nash Equilibrium (SCNE), a refinement of subgame perfect Nash equilibrium (SPNE) for multi-stage games. SCNE retains the internal credibility requirement of SPNE -- equilibrium behavior in every subgame --…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-11-04 Mehmet Mars Seven

A celebrated result in the interface of online learning and game theory guarantees that the repeated interaction of no-regret players leads to a coarse correlated equilibrium (CCE) -- a natural game-theoretic solution concept. Despite the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Ioannis Anagnostides , Alkis Kalavasis , Tuomas Sandholm

We present novel techniques for neuro-symbolic concurrent stochastic games, a recently proposed modelling formalism to represent a set of probabilistic agents operating in a continuous-space environment using a combination of neural network…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Rui Yan , Gabriel Santos , Xiaoming Duan , David Parker , Marta Kwiatkowska