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Quantum amplitude estimation (QAE) is a pivotal quantum algorithm to estimate the squared amplitude $a$ of the target basis state in a quantum state $|\Phi\rangle$. Various improvements on the original quantum phase estimation-based QAE…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-01 Koichi Miyamoto

Ground-state estimation lies at the heart of a broad range of quantum simulations. Most near-term approaches are cast as variational energy minimization and thus inherit the challenges of problem-specific energy landscapes. We develop the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Kyunghyun Baek , Seungjin Lee , Joonsuk Huh , Dongkeun Lee , Jinhyoung Lee , M. S. Kim , Jeongho Bang

We propose an approach for quantum amplitude estimation (QAE) designed to enhance computational efficiency while minimizing the reliance on quantum resources. Our method leverages quantum computers to generate a sequence of signals, from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-25 Yongdan Yang , Ruyu Yang

Imaginary-time evolution is a standard primitive for ground-state preparation but is nonunitary, precluding direct quantum implementation. We develop Finite Imaginary-Time Evolution (FinITE), a finite-beta construction for diagonal Pauli-Z…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Jaehee Kim , Juhyeon Kim , Gwonhak Lee , Kyunghyun Baek , Daniel K. Park , Jeongho Bang , Joonsuk Huh

We develop a resource efficient step-merged quantum imaginary time evolution approach (smQITE) to solve for the ground state of a Hamiltonian on quantum computers. This heuristic method features a fixed shallow quantum circuit depth along…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-09-21 Niladri Gomes , Feng Zhang , Noah F. Berthusen , Cai-Zhuang Wang , Kai-Ming Ho , Peter P. Orth , Yongxin Yao

In this work we present a detailed analysis of variational quantum phase estimation (VQPE), a method based on real-time evolution for ground and excited state estimation on near-term hardware. We derive the theoretical ground on which the…

Quantum optimization algorithms offer a promising route to finding the ground states of target Hamiltonians on near-term quantum devices. None the less, it remains necessary to limit the evolution time and circuit depth as much as possible,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-01 Chenfeng Cao , Yunlong Yu , Zipeng Wu , Nic Shannon , Bei Zeng , Robert Joynt

We present a method to model a discretized time evolution of probabilistic networks on gate-based quantum computers. We consider networks of nodes, where each node can be in one of two states: good or failed. In each time step,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-30 M. C. Braun , T. Decker , N. Hegemann , S. F. Kerstan , C. Maier , J. Ulmanis

Imaginary-time evolution is fundamental for analyzing quantum many-body systems, yet classical simulation requires exponentially growing resources in both system size and evolution time. While quantum approaches reduce the system-size…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-12 Lei Zhang , Jizhe Lai , Xian Wu , Xin Wang

Simulating time evolution under quantum Hamiltonians is one of the most natural applications of quantum computers. We introduce TE-PAI, which simulates time evolution exactly by sampling random quantum circuits for the purpose of estimating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-24 Chusei Kiumi , Bálint Koczor

Imaginary-time evolution plays an important role in algorithms for computing ground-state and thermal equilibrium properties of quantum systems, but can be challenging to simulate on classical computers. Many quantum algorithms for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-22 Annie Ray , Esha Swaroop , Ningping Cao , Michael Vasmer , Anirban Chowdhury

The road to computing on quantum devices has been accelerated by the promises that come from using Shor's algorithm to reduce the complexity of prime factorization. However, this promise hast not yet been realized due to noisy qubits and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-22 Raja Selvarajan , Vivek Dixit , Xingshan Cui , Travis S. Humble , Sabre Kais

Efficient ground state search is fundamental to advancing combinatorial optimization problems and quantum chemistry. While the Variational Imaginary Time Evolution (VITE) method offers a useful alternative to Variational Quantum Eigensolver…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-10 Ryo Suzuki , Shohei Watabe

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is essential for the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era, and will remain relevant for early fault-tolerant quantum computers, where logical error rates are still significant. However, most QEM methods incur…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Pablo Díez-Valle , Gaurav Saxena , Jack S. Baker , Jun-Ho Lee , Thi Ha Kyaw

In this work, we benchmark two prominent quantum algorithms: Quantum Imaginary-Time Evolution (QITE) and the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) for obtaining the ground state of Ising-type Hamiltonians. Specifically, we apply…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-01 Ruizhe Shen , Zichang Hao , Ching Hua Lee

We introduce a new variant of Quantum Amplitude Estimation (QAE), called Iterative QAE (IQAE), which does not rely on Quantum Phase Estimation (QPE) but is only based on Grover's Algorithm, which reduces the required number of qubits and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-20 Dmitry Grinko , Julien Gacon , Christa Zoufal , Stefan Woerner

Non-unitary state preparation protocols such as imaginary time evolution (ITE) offer substantial advantages relative to unitary ones, including the ability to prepare certain long-range correlated states more efficiently. Here, we ask…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-20 Aleksei Khindanov , Yongxin Yao , Thomas Iadecola

Topology and symmetry play critical roles in characterizing quantum phases of matter. Recent advancements have unveiled symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases in many-body systems as a unique class of short-range entangled states,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-13 Ruizhe Shen , Tianqi Chen , Bo Yang , Yin Zhong , Ching Hua Lee

The imaginary-time evolution of quantum states is integral to various fields, ranging from natural sciences to classical optimization or machine learning. Since simulating quantum imaginary-time evolution generally requires storing an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-17 Julien Gacon , Christa Zoufal , Giuseppe Carleo , Stefan Woerner

Developing scalable quantum algorithms to study finite-temperature physics of quantum many-body systems has attracted considerable interest due to recent advancements in quantum hardware. However, such algorithms in their present form…