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The identification of deterministic finite automata (DFAs) from labeled examples is a cornerstone of automata learning, yet traditional methods focus on learning monolithic DFAs, which often yield a large DFA lacking simplicity and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Junjie Meng , Jie An , Yong Li , Andrea Turrini , Fanjiang Xu , Naijun Zhan , Miaomiao Zhang

Automata over infinite alphabets have emerged as a convenient computational model for processing structures involving data, such as nonces in cryptographic protocols or data values in XML documents. We introduce active learning methods for…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Florian Frank , Stefan Milius , Jurriaan Rot , Henning Urbat

Automata learning has many applications in artificial intelligence and software engineering. Central to these applications is the $L^*$ algorithm, introduced by Angluin. The $L^*$ algorithm learns deterministic finite-state automata (DFAs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Sebastian Hagedorn , Martín Muñoz , Cristian Riveros , Rodrigo Toro Icarte

A complete deterministic finite (semi)automaton (DFA) with a set of states $Q$ is \emph{completely reachable} if every nonempty subset of $Q$ is the image of the action of some word applied to $Q$. The concept of completely reachable…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Robert Ferens , Marek Szykuła

We propose a computing model, the Two-Way Optical Interference Automata (2OIA), that makes use of the phenomenon of optical interference. We introduce this model to investigate the increase in power, in terms of language recognition, of a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 M. V. Panduranga Rao

Local Fourier analysis is a commonly used tool to assess the quality and aid in the construction of geometric multigrid methods for translationally invariant operators. In this paper we automate the process of local Fourier analysis and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-07-26 Karsten Kahl , Nils Kintscher

An index for a finite automaton is a powerful data structure that supports locating paths labeled with a query pattern, thus solving pattern matching on the underlying regular language. In this paper, we solve the long-standing problem of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Nicola Cotumaccio , Nicola Prezza

Cognitive computation such as e.g. language processing, is conventionally regarded as Turing computation, and Turing machines can be uniquely implemented as nonlinear dynamical systems using generalized shifts and subsequent G\"odel…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-07-19 Peter beim Graben , Roland Potthast

Probabilistic B\"uchi Automata (PBA) are randomized, finite state automata that process input strings of infinite length. Based on the threshold chosen for the acceptance probability, different classes of languages can be defined. In this…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Rohit Chadha , A. Prasad Sistla , Mahesh Viswanathan

We present a new method for the verification of quantum circuits based on a novel symbolic representation of sets of quantum states using level-synchronized tree automata (LSTAs). LSTAs extend classical tree automata by labeling each…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Parosh Aziz Abdulla , Yo-Ga Chen , Yu-Fang Chen , Lukáš Holík , Ondřej Lengál , Jyun-Ao Lin , Fang-Yi Lo , Wei-Lun Tsai

Every language recognized by a non-deterministic finite automaton can be recognized by a deterministic automaton, at the cost of a potential increase of the number of states, which in the worst case can go from $n$ states to $2^n$ states.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Arnaud Carayol , Philippe Duchon , Florent Koechlin , Cyril Nicaud

We consider notions of freeness and ambiguity for the acceptance probability of Moore-Crutchfield Measure Once Quantum Finite Automata (MO-QFA). We study the injectivity problem of determining if the acceptance probability function of a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Paul C. Bell , Mika Hirvensalo

This paper presents and analyzes an incremental algorithm for the construction of Acyclic Non-deterministic Finite-state Automata (NFA). Automata of this type are quite useful in computational linguistics, especially for storing lexicons.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Kyriakos N. Sgarbas , Nikos D. Fakotakis , George K. Kokkinakis

We give a new characterization of $\mathsf{NL}$ as the class of languages whose members have certificates that can be verified with small error in polynomial time by finite state machines that use a constant number of random bits, as…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Cem Say , Abuzer Yakaryilmaz

We consider the computability and complexity of decision questions for Probabilistic Finite Automata (PFA) with sub-exponential ambiguity. We show that the emptiness problem for strict and non-strict cut-points of polynomially ambiguous…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-30 Paul C. Bell

The continuous growth of the e-commerce industry attracts fraudsters who exploit stolen credit card details. Companies often investigate suspicious transactions in order to retain customer trust and address gaps in their fraud detection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Shaun Shuster , Eyal Zaloof , Asaf Shabtai , Rami Puzis

We present an efficient algorithm for checking language equivalence of states in top-down deterministic finite tree automata (DFTAs). Unlike string automata, tree automata operate over hierarchical structures, posing unique challenges for…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Zhibo Deng , Vladimir A. Zakharov

We introduce an affine generalization of counter automata, and analyze their ability as well as affine finite automata. Our contributions are as follows. We show that there is a language that can be recognized by exact realtime affine…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-08-23 Masaki Nakanishi , Kamil Khadiev , Krišjānis Prūsis , Jevgēnijs Vihrovs , Abuzer Yakaryılmaz

A Wheeler automaton is a finite state automaton whose states admit a total Wheeler order, reflecting the co-lexicographic order of the strings labeling source-to-node paths. A Wheeler language is a regular language admitting an accepting…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Ruben Becker , Davide Cenzato , Sung-Hwan Kim , Bojana Kodric , Alberto Policriti , Nicola Prezza

We propose DFAMiner, a passive learning tool for learning minimal separating deterministic finite automata (DFA) from a set of labelled samples. Separating automata are an interesting class of automata that occurs generally in regular model…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Daniele Dell'Erba , Yong Li , Sven Schewe