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We show that Dependent Choice is a sufficient choice principle for developing the basic theory of proper forcing, and for deriving generic absoluteness for the Chang model in the presence of large cardinals, even with respect to…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-06-22 David Asperó , Asaf Karagila

The forcing method is a powerful tool to prove the consistency of set-theoretic assertions relative to the consistency of the axioms of set theory. Laver's theorem and Bukovsk\'y's theorem assert that set-generic extensions of a given…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-07-07 Sy David Friedman , Sakaé Fuchino , Hiroshi Sakai

It is well known that ZFC, despite its usefulness as a foundational theory for mathematics, has two unwanted features: it cannot be written down explicitly due to its infinitely many axioms, and it has a countable model due to the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2021-06-15 Marcoen J. T. F. Cabbolet

In two papers we noted that in common practice many algebraic constructions are defined only `up to isomorphism' rather than explicitly. We mentioned some questions raised by this fact, and we gave some partial answers. The present paper…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Wilfrid Hodges , Saharon Shelah

A central theme in set theory is to find universes with extreme, well-understood behaviour. The case we are interested in is assuming GCH and has a strong forcing axiom of higher order than usual. Instead of "for every suitable forcing…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-03-02 Noam Greenberg , Saharon Shelah

We present a system of axioms motivated by a topological intuition: The set of subsets of any set is a topology on that set. On the one hand, this system is a common weakening of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory ZF, the positive set theory GPK…

Logic · Mathematics 2012-06-12 Andreas Fackler

We present reasons for developing a theory of forcing notions which satisfy the properness demand for countable models which are not necessarily elementary submodels of some (H(chi), in). This leads to forcing notions which are…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-09-07 Saharon Shelah

I prove preservation theorems for countable support iteration of proper forcing concerning certain classes of capacities and submeasures. New examples of forcing notions and connections with measure theory are included.

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jindrich Zapletal

A new axiom is proposed, the Ground Axiom, asserting that the universe is not a nontrivial set forcing extension of any inner model. The Ground Axiom is first-order expressible, and any model of ZFC has a class forcing extension which…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jonas Reitz

This thesis concerns embeddings and self-embeddings of foundational structures in both set theory and category theory. The first part of the work on models of set theory consists in establishing a refined version of Friedman's theorem on…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-07-31 Paul K. Gorbow

We prove various iteration theorems for forcing classes related to subproper and subcomplete forcing, introduced by Jensen. In the first part, we use revised countable support iterations, and show that 1) the class of subproper,…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-04-16 Gunter Fuchs , Corey Bacal Switzer

I survey an array of topics in set theory in the context of a novel class of forcing notions: subcomplete forcing. Subcompleteness was originally defined by Ronald Jensen. I have attempted to make the subject somewhat more approachable to…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-05-02 Kaethe Minden

The purpose of this paper is to investigate forcing as a tool to construct universal models. In particular, we look at theories of initial segments of the universe and show that any model of a sufficiently rich fragment of those theories…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-03-07 Francesco Parente , Matteo Viale

Let $\mathbf{M}$ be the basic set theory that consists of the axioms of extensionality, emptyset, pair, union, powerset, infinity, transitive containment, $\Delta_0$-separation and set foundation. This paper studies the relative strength of…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-01-11 Zachiri McKenzie

In the Zermelo--Fraenkel set theory with the Axiom of Choice a forcing notion is "$\kappa$-distributive" if and only if it is "$\kappa$-sequential". We show that without the Axiom of Choice this equivalence fails, even if we include a weak…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-12-22 Asaf Karagila , Jonathan Schilhan

We bring forward a logical system of transition algebras that enhances many-sorted first-order logic using features from dynamic logics. The sentences we consider include compositions, unions, and transitive closures of transition…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Hashimoto Go , Daniel Găină , Ionuţ Ţuţu

This is an introduction to the set-theoretic method of forcing, including its application in proving the independence of the Continuum Hypothesis from the Zermelo-Fraenkel axioms of set theory. I presuppose no particular mathematical…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-12-17 Kenny Easwaran

We study L\"owenheim-Skolem and Omitting Types theorems in Transition Algebra, a logical system obtained by enhancing many sorted first-order logic with features from dynamic logic. The sentences we consider include compositions, unions,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Go Hashimoto , Daniel Găină

We continue the development of the theory of construction schemes over $\omega_1$ as introduced by the third author by studying their relation with forcing axioms. Formally, we introduce the cardinals $\mathfrak{m}^n_{\mathcal{F}}$ and use…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Jorge Antonio Cruz Chapital , Osvaldo Guzman , Stevo Todorcevic

In this article we adapt the existing account of class-forcing over a ZFC model to a model $(M,\mathcal{C})$ of Morse-Kelley class theory. We give a rigorous definition of class-forcing in such a model and show that the Definability Lemma…

Logic · Mathematics 2015-03-03 Carolin Antos