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We propose the Value Gradient Sampler (VGS), a diffusion sampler parameterized by value functions. VGS generates samples from an unnormalized target density (i.e., energy) by evolving randomly initialized particles along the gradient of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Himchan Hwang , Hyeokju Jeong , Dong Kyu Shin , Che-Sang Park , Sehee Kweon , Sangwoong Yoon , Frank Chongwoo Park

Methods for learning from data depend on various types of tuning parameters, such as penalization strength or step size. Since performance can depend strongly on these parameters, it is important to compare classes of estimators-by…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-06-14 Dominic Richards , Edgar Dobriban , Patrick Rebeschini

In this paper, we propose a generic framework for devising an adaptive approximation scheme for value function approximation in reinforcement learning, which introduces multiscale approximation. The two basic ingredients are multiresolution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-26 Tao Li , Quanyan Zhu

The so-called pinball loss for estimating conditional quantiles is a well-known tool in both statistics and machine learning. So far, however, only little work has been done to quantify the efficiency of this tool for nonparametric…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-02-11 Ingo Steinwart , Andreas Christmann

Missing values arise in most real-world data sets due to the aggregation of multiple sources and intrinsically missing information (sensor failure, unanswered questions in surveys...). In fact, the very nature of missing values usually…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-04 Alexis Ayme , Claire Boyer , Aymeric Dieuleveut , Erwan Scornet

Gradient-based interpretations often require an anchor point of comparison to avoid saturation in computing feature importance. We show that current baselines defined using static functions--constant mapping, averaging or blurring--inject…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Ching Lam Choi , Alexandre Duplessis , Serge Belongie

The use of mathematical models to make predictions about tumor growth and response to treatment has become increasingly more prevalent in the clinical setting. The level of complexity within these models ranges broadly, and the calibration…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-12-28 Allison L. Lewis , Kathleen M. Storey , Heyrim Cho , Anna C. Zittle

Subclassification estimators are one of the methods used to estimate causal effects of interest using the propensity score. This method is more stable compared to other weighting methods, such as inverse probability weighting estimators, in…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-22 Shunichiro Orihara , Tomotaka Momozaki

Statisticians often face the choice between using probability models or a paradigm defined by minimising a loss function. Both approaches are useful and, if the loss can be re-cast into a proper probability model, there are many tools to…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-29 Jack Jewson , David Rossell

Reinforcement learning methods for robotics are increasingly successful due to the constant development of better policy gradient techniques. A precise (low variance) and accurate (low bias) gradient estimator is crucial to face…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-21 João Carvalho , Davide Tateo , Fabio Muratore , Jan Peters

This paper develops a flexible method for decreasing the variance of estimators for complex experiment effect metrics (e.g. ratio metrics) while retaining asymptotic unbiasedness. This method uses the auxiliary information about the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-04-09 Reza Hosseini , Amir Najmi

Gradient information on the sampling distribution can be used to reduce the variance of Monte Carlo estimators via Stein's method. An important application is that of estimating an expectation of a test function along the sample path of a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-12-29 Chris J. Oates , Jon Cockayne , François-Xavier Briol , Mark Girolami

The impact of gradient noise on training deep models is widely acknowledged but not well understood. In this context, we study the distribution of gradients during training. We introduce a method, Gradient Clustering, to minimize the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Fartash Faghri , David Duvenaud , David J. Fleet , Jimmy Ba

In this paper several related estimation problems are addressed from a Bayesian point of view and optimal estimators are obtained for each of them when some natural loss functions are considered. Namely, we are interested in estimating a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-10-27 A. G. Nogales

Feedback alignment algorithms are an alternative to backpropagation to train neural networks, whereby some of the partial derivatives that are required to compute the gradient are replaced by random terms. This essentially transforms the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Dominique Chu , Florian Bacho

Online decision making aims to learn the optimal decision rule by making personalized decisions and updating the decision rule recursively. It has become easier than before with the help of big data, but new challenges also come along.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-16 Haoyu Chen , Wenbin Lu , Rui Song

We adapt the gradient sampling algorithm to the local scoring algorithm to solve complex estimation problems based on an optimization of an objective function. This overcomes non-differentiability and non-smoothness of the objective…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-05-30 Marc-Olivier Boldi , Valérie Chavez-Demoulin

Explaining the predictions of neural black-box models is an important problem, especially when such models are used in applications where user trust is crucial. Estimating the influence of training examples on a learned neural model's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Carolin Lawrence , Timo Sztyler , Mathias Niepert

We present an iterative framework to improve the amortized approximations of posterior distributions in the context of Bayesian inverse problems, which is inspired by loop-unrolled gradient descent methods and is theoretically grounded in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Rafael Orozco , Ali Siahkoohi , Mathias Louboutin , Felix J. Herrmann

Spline basis exploration via Bayesian model selection is a widely employed strategy for determining the optimal set of basis terms in nonparametric regression. However, despite its widespread use, this approach often encounters performance…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-09 Sunwoo Lim , Sihyeon Pyeon , Seonghyun Jeong