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Rydberg atoms have shown significant promise as the basis for highly sensitive detectors of continuous radio-frequency (RF) E-fields. Here, we study their time-dependent response to pulse-modulated RF E-fields at 19.4 GHz using a cesium…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2022-03-04 Stephanie M. Bohaichuk , Donald Booth , Kent Nickerson , Harry Tai , James P. Shaffer

We optimize theoretically and experimentally the performances of the recently demonstrated modulation transfer protocol [D.-A. Trinh, K. V. Adwaith, M. Branco, A. Rouxel, S. Welinski, P. Berger, F. Goldfarb, and F. Bretenaker, Applied…

Improving the bandwidth of Rydberg atom-based receivers is an ongoing challenge owing to the long-lived Rydberg state lifetimes that limit the refresh rate of ground state atoms. In particular, the LO-based Rydberg mixer approach allows for…

Developing microwave electric field sensing based on Rydberg atom has received significant attention due to its unique advantages. However, achieving effective coupling between Rydberg atom and the microwave electric field in the sensing…

Rydberg atoms, with one highly-excited, nearly-ionized electron, have extreme sensitivity to electric fields, including microwave fields ranging from 100 MHz to over 1 THz. Here we show that room-temperature Rydberg atoms can be used as…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2018-10-30 David H. Meyer , Kevin C. Cox , Fredrik K. Fatemi , Paul D. Kunz

Rydberg atomic sensors have been seen as novel radio frequency (RF) measurements and the high sensitivity to a large range of frequencies makes it attractive for communications reception. However, the signal sensing process in Rydberg…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-03 Hao Wu , Xinyuan Yao , Rui Ni , Chen Gong

The Rydberg-based microwave detection is an all-optical technology that uses the strong coherent interaction between Rydberg atoms and microwave field. Different from the traditional microwave meter, the Rydberg atomic sensing is a new-type…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2025-08-05 Xue Jingjing , Li Ruonan , Hu Xuesong , Sun Peisheng , Zhou Haitao , Zang Junxiang

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in atomic systems involving Rydberg states is known to be a sensitive probe of incident microwave (MW) fields, in particular those resonant with Rydberg-to-Rydberg transitions. Here we propose…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2022-10-06 Sebastian Borówka , Uliana Pylypenko , Mateusz Mazelanik , Michał Parniak

Rydberg-atom sensors convert radiofrequency, microwave and terahertz fields into optical signals with SI-traceable calibration, high sensitivity, and broad tunability. This review assesses their potential for space applications by comparing…

We investigate the Autler-Townes splitting for Rydberg atoms dressed with linearly polarized microwave radiation, resonant with generic $S_{1/2}\leftrightarrow{P}_{1/2}$ and $S_{1/2}\leftrightarrow{P}_{3/2}$ transitions. The splitting is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-16 M. Cloutman , M. Chilcott , A. Elliott , J. S. Otto , A. B. Deb , N. Kjærgaard

Rydberg electric field sensors exploit the large number of Rydberg resonances to provide sensitivity over a broad range of the electromagnetic spectrum. However, due to the difficulty of accessing resonant Rydberg states at ultra-high…

Rydberg atoms have been shown remarkable performance in sensing microwave field. The sensitivity of such an electrometer based on optical readout of atomic ensemble has been demonstrated to approach the photon-shot-noise limit. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-12 Shuhe Wu , Dong Zhang , Zhengchun Li , Minwei Shi , Peiyu Yang , Jinxian Guo , Wei Du , Guzhi Bao , Weiping Zhang

The Rydberg atomic quantum receivers (RAQR) are emerging quantum precision sensing platforms designed for receiving radio frequency (RF) signals. It relies on creation of Rydberg atoms from normal atoms by exciting one or more electrons to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-15 Tierui Gong , Aveek Chandra , Chau Yuen , Yong Liang Guan , Rainer Dumke , Chong Meng Samson See , Mérouane Debbah , Lajos Hanzo

We present an innovative frequency comb methodology utilizing pulsed lasers for Rydberg atoms and implement it for electric field measurement. It achieves the Rydberg state population of multi-velocity group atoms through the two-photon…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2025-07-14 Ke Di , Chenglin Ye , Yijie Du , Yu Liu , Feng Gao , Jiajia Du , Jun He

We present combined measurements of the spatially-resolved optical spectrum and the total excited-atom number in an ultracold gas of three-level atoms under electromagnetically induced transparency conditions involving high-lying Rydberg…

Optical lattices serve as fundamental building blocks for atomic quantum technology. However, the scale and resolution of these lattices are diffraction-limited to the light wavelength. In conventional lattices, achieving tight confinement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-15 Mohammadsadegh Khazali

The significant progress of quantum sensing technologies offer numerous radical solutions for measuring a multitude of physical quantities at an unprecedented precision. Among them, Rydberg atomic quantum receivers (RAQRs) emerge as an…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-16 Tierui Gong , Jiaming Sun , Chau Yuen , Guangwei Hu , Yufei Zhao , Yong Liang Guan , Chong Meng Samson See , Mérouane Debbah , Lajos Hanzo

We conduct a theoretical investigation into the impacts of local microwave electric field frequency detuning, laser frequency detuning, and transit relaxation rate on enhancing heterodyne Rydberg atomic receiver sensitivity. To optimize the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-03 Shanchi Wu , Chen Gong , Shangbin Li , Rui Ni , Jinkang Zhu

Harnessing multi-level electron transitions, Rydberg Atomic REceivers (RAREs) can detect wireless signals across a wide range of frequency bands, from Megahertz to Terahertz. This capability enables multi-band wireless communications and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Mingyao Cui , Qunsong Zeng , Minze Chen , Zhanwei Wang , Tianqi Mao , Dezhi Zheng , Kaibin Huang

We demonstrate an atomic radio-frequency (RF) receiver and spectrum analyzer based on thermal Rydberg atoms coupled to a planar microwave waveguide. We use an off-resonant RF heterodyne technique to achieve continuous operation for carrier…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2021-05-24 David H. Meyer , Paul D. Kunz , Kevin C. Cox