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The recently proposed Universal Blind Quantum Computation (UBQC) protocol allows a client to perform an arbitrary quantum computation on a remote server such that perfect privacy is guaranteed if the client is capable of producing random…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-06-01 Vedran Dunjko , Elham Kashefi , Anthony Leverrier

Quantum computing is rapidly advancing toward cloud-based services, raising significant concerns about the privacy and security of computations outsourced to untrusted quantum servers. Universal Blind Quantum Computation (UBQC) protocols…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-07 Youngkyung Lee , Doyoung Chung

Quantum computing has seen tremendous progress in the past years. Due to the implementation complexity and cost, the future path of quantum computation is strongly believed to delegate computational tasks to powerful quantum servers on…

The future of quantum computing architecture is most likely the one in which a large number of clients are either fully classical or have a very limited quantum capability while a very small number of servers having the capability to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Aman Gupta , Daniel Prasanth , Venkat Chandra Gunja

In blind quantum computation (BQC), a client delegates her quantum computation to a server with universal quantum computers who learns nothing about the client's private information. In measurement-based BQC model, entangled states are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-27 Xiaoqian Zhang , Weiqi Luo , Guoqiang Zeng , Jian Weng , Yaxi Yang , Minrong Chen , Xiaoqing Tan

Quantum homomorphic encryption (QHE), allows a quantum cloud server to compute on private data as uploaded by a client. We provide a proof-of-concept software simulation for QHE, according to the "EPR" scheme of Broadbent and Jeffery, for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-29 Sohrab Ganjian , Connor Paddock , Anne Broadbent

The advancement of quantum computing technology has led to the emergence of early-stage quantum cloud computing services. To fully realize the potential of quantum cloud computing, it is essential to develop techniques that ensure the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-13 Youngkyung Lee , Doyoung Chung

It is called blind quantum computation(BQC) that a client who has limited quantum technologies can delegate her quantum computing to a server who has fully-advanced quantum computers. But the privacy of the client's quantum inputs,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-27 Xiaoqian Zhang

Quantum computing has undergone rapid development in recent years. Owing to limitations on scalability, personal quantum computers still seem slightly unrealistic in the near future. The first practical quantum computer for ordinary users…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-07-04 He-Liang Huang , You-Wei Zhao , Tan Li , Feng-Guang Li , Yu-Tao Du , Xiang-Qun Fu , Shuo Zhang , Xiang Wang , Wan-Su Bao

Blind Quantum Computing (BQC) allows a client to have a server carry out a quantum computation for them such that the client's input, output and computation remain private. A desirable property for any BQC protocol is verification, whereby…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-12 Joseph F. Fitzsimons , Elham Kashefi

As quantum computing matures into a practical paradigm, the need for secure and private quantum computation on untrusted hardware becomes increasingly urgent. While classical fully homomorphic encryption has enabled computation over…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-22 Jon Hernández-Bueno , Oscar Lage , Marivi Higuero , Jasone Astorga

Quantum computing technology has reached a second renaissance in the past five years. Increased interest from both the private and public sector combined with extraordinary theoretical and experimental progress has solidified this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-05 Simon J. Devitt

Blind quantum computation (BQC) protocol allows a client having partial quantum ability to delegate his quantum computation to a remote quantum server without leaking any information about the input, the output and the intended computation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-01 Shih-Min Hung , Tzonelih Hwang

Quantum network protocols offer new functionalities such as enhanced security to communication and computational systems. Despite the rapid progress in quantum hardware, it has not yet reached a level of maturity that enables execution of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-19 Chin-Te Liao , Sima Bahrani , Francisco Ferreira da Silva , Elham Kashefi

Blind quantum computation (BQC) is a new type of quantum computation model. BQC allows a client (Alice) who does not have enough sophisticated technology and knowledge to perform universal quantum computation and resorts a remote quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-05 Yu-Bo Sheng , Lan Zhou

Quantum computing has considerable advantages in solving some problems over its classical counterpart. Currently various physical systems are developed to construct quantum computers but it is still challenging and the first use of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-19 Junyu Quan , Qin Li , Lvzhou Li

The effects of noise are one of the most important factors to consider when it comes to quantum computing in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing (NISQ) era that we are currently in. Therefore, it is important not only to gain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-07 T. Piskor , M. Schöndorf , M. Bauer , D. Smith , T. Ayral , S. Pogorzalek , A. Auer , M. Papič

Recent experimental achievements motivate an ever-growing interest from companies starting to feel the limitations of classical computing. Yet, in light of ongoing privacy scandals, the future availability of quantum computing through…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-13 Elham Kashefi , Dominik Leichtle , Luka Music , Harold Ollivier

Quantum technologies hold the promise of not only faster algorithmic processing of data, via quantum computation, but also of more secure communications, in the form of quantum cryptography. In recent years, a number of protocols have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-01 Joseph F. Fitzsimons

The emergence of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers has important consequences for cryptographic algorithms. It is theoretically well-established that key algorithms used in cybersecurity are vulnerable to quantum computers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Sahay Harshvardhan , Sanil Jain , James E. McClure , Caleb McIrvin , Ngoc Quy Tran
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