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This article proposes an offline Energy Management System (EMS) for Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs). Dividing the torque between the Electric Motor (EM) and the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) requires a suitable EMS. Batteries…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-28 Arash Mousaei

This work investigates the real-time estimation of the state-of-charge (SoC) of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) cells for reliable, safe and efficient utilization. A novel attractive ellipsoid based sliding-mode observer (AESMO) algorithm is designed…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-18 Anirudh Nath , Raghvendra Gupta , Rohit Mehta , Supreet Singh Bahga , Amit Gupta , Shubhendu Bhasin

Recent proliferation in electric vehicles (EVs) are posing profound impacts over the operation of electrical grids. In particular, due to the physical constraints on charging stations' capacity and uncertainty in charging demand, it becomes…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-29 Yize Chen , Baosen Zhang

Traditional long-term microgrid planning models assume constant power charging for battery energy storage systems (BESS), overlooking efficiency losses that occur toward the end of charge due to rising internal resistance. While this issue…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-27 Hassan Zahid Butt , Xingpeng Li

This paper presents a machine learning approach to model the electric consumption of electric vehicles at macroscopic level, i.e., in the absence of a speed profile, while preserving microscopic level accuracy. For this work, we leveraged a…

In the evolving landscape of vertical heterogeneous networks, the practice of cell switching particularly for small base stations faces a significant challenge due to the lack of accurate data on the traffic load of sleeping SBSs. This…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Maryam Salamatmoghadasi , Metin Ozturk , Halim Yanikomeroglu

The electric vehicle (EV) and electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) have been widely deployed with the development of large-scale transportation electrifications. However, since charging behaviors of EVs show large uncertainties, the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-25 Yuanzheng Li , Shangyang He , Yang Li , Leijiao Ge , Suhua Lou , Zhigang Zeng

Energy harvesting (EH) IoT devices that operate intermittently without batteries, coupled with advances in deep neural networks (DNNs), have opened up new opportunities for enabling sustainable smart applications. Nevertheless, implementing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Sahidul Islam , Jieren Deng , Shanglin Zhou , Chen Pan , Caiwen Ding , Mimi Xie

Electric Vehicle (EV) penetration and renewable energies enables synergies between energy supply, vehicle users, and the mobility sector. However, also new issues arise for car manufacturers: During charging and discharging of EV batteries…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-10-17 Karl Schwenk , Tim Harr , René Großmann , Riccardo Remo Appino , Veit Hagenmeyer , Ralf Mikut

As the electric vehicle (EV) market continues to prioritize dynamic performance and rapid charging, battery configuration has rapidly evolved. Despite this, current literature has often overlooked the complex, non-linear relationship…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Santanam Wishal , Louis Filiepe Tio Jansel , Matthew Abednego Inkiriwang , Jason Sebastian

Being able to predict battery internal states that are related to battery degradation is a key aspect to improve battery lifetime and performance, enhancing cleaner electric transportation and energy generation. However, most present…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-16 Iker Lopetegi , Sergio Fernandez , Gregory L. Plett , M. Scott Trimboli , Unai Iraola

The heterogeneity in pack voltages and capacity of aged packs limits the performance and economic viability of second-use battery energy storage systems (2-BESS) due to issues of reliability and available energy. Overcoming these…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-25 Xiaofan Cui , Alireza Ramyar , Jason Siegel , Peyman Mohtat , Anna Stefanopoulou , Al-Thaddeus Avestruz

The integrated use of non-terrestrial network (NTN) entities such as the high-altitude platform station (HAPS) and low-altitude platform station (LAPS) has become essential elements in the space-air-ground integrated networks (SAGINs).…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-24 Atefeh H. Arani , Peng Hu , Yeying Zhu

Accurate state of charge (SOC) estimation is critical for ensuring the safety, reliability, and efficiency of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles and energy storage systems. Electrochemical models provide high fidelity for SOC…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Guangdi Hu , Keyi Liao , Jian Ye , Feng Guo

In order to accurately estimate the SOC and SOH of a lithium-ion battery used in an electric vehicle (EV), we propose an Adaptive Diagonal Forgetting Factor Recursive Least Square (ADFF-RLS) for accurate battery parameter estimation.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-24 Kwangrae Kim , Minho Kim , Suwon Kang , Jungwook Yu , Jungsoo Kim , Huiyong Chun , Soohee Han

The Extreme Operating Conditions Search (EOCS) problem is one of the key problems in relay setting calculation, which is used to ensure that the setting values of protection relays can adapt to the changing operating conditions of power…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Yan Li , Zengli Yang , Youhuai Wang , Jing Wang , Xiaoyu Han , Jingyu Wang , Dongyuan Shi

In deep learning, the load data with non-temporal factors are difficult to process by sequence models. This problem results in insufficient precision of the prediction. Therefore, a short-term load forecasting method based on convolutional…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-13 Yang Cui , Han Zhu , Yijian Wang , Lu Zhang , Yang Li

A key function of battery management systems (BMS) in e-mobility applications is estimating the battery state of health (SoH) with high accuracy. This is typically achieved in commercial BMS using model-based methods. There has been…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-11 Abhijit Kulkarni , Remus Teodorescu

Lithium ion batteries are widely used in many applications. Battery management systems control their optimal use and charging and predict when the battery will cease to deliver the required output on a planned duty or driving cycle. Such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Maricela Best McKay , Bhushan Gopaluni , Brian Wetton

We propose a forecasting technique based on multi-feature data fusion to enhance the accuracy of an electric vehicle (EV) charging station load forecasting deep-learning model. The proposed method uses multi-feature inputs based on…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-01 Prince Aduama , Zhibo Zhang , Ameena S. Al Sumaiti
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