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Extensive-form games (EFGs) are a common model of multi-agent interactions with imperfect information. State-of-the-art algorithms for solving these games typically perform full walks of the game tree that can prove prohibitively slow in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-07-24 Trevor Davis , Martin Schmid , Michael Bowling

Regret-based algorithms are highly efficient at finding approximate Nash equilibria in sequential games such as poker games. However, most regret-based algorithms, including counterfactual regret minimization (CFR) and its variants, rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Chung-Wei Lee , Christian Kroer , Haipeng Luo

Extensive-form games with imperfect recall are an important game-theoretic model that allows a compact representation of strategies in dynamic strategic interactions. Practical use of imperfect recall games is limited due to negative…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-25 Branislav Bosansky , Jiri Cermak , Karel Horak , Michal Pechoucek

Existing data-driven and feedback traffic control strategies do not consider the heterogeneity of real-time data measurements. Besides, traditional reinforcement learning (RL) methods for traffic control usually converge slowly for lacking…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-14 C. Chen , Y. P. Huang , W. H. K. Lam , T. L. Pan , S. C. Hsu , A. Sumalee , R. X. Zhong

When learning to play an imperfect information game, it is often easier to first start with the basic mechanics of the game rules. For example, one can play several example rounds with private cards revealed to all players to better…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Benjamin Heymann , Marc Lanctot

In this paper, we address the problem of a two-player linear quadratic differential game with incomplete information, a scenario commonly encountered in multi-agent control, human-robot interaction (HRI), and approximation methods for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-25 Seyed Yousef Soltanian , Wenlong Zhang

Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) learns an optimal policy, given some expert demonstrations, thus avoiding the need for the tedious process of specifying a suitable reward function. However, current methods are constrained by at least…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Pierre Le Pelletier de Woillemont , Rémi Labory , Vincent Corruble

We analyze best response dynamics for finding a Nash equilibrium of an infinite horizon zero-sum stochastic linear quadratic dynamic game (LQDG) with partial and asymmetric information. We derive explicit expressions for each player's best…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Yuxiang Guan , Iman Shames , Tyler H. Summers

In this paper, we extend the Descent framework, which enables learning and planning in the context of two-player games with perfect information, to the framework of stochastic games. We propose two ways of doing this, the first way…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Quentin Cohen-Solal , Tristan Cazenave

The paper presents a new method for approximating Strong Stackelberg Equilibrium in general-sum sequential games with imperfect information and perfect recall. The proposed approach is generic as it does not rely on any specific properties…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Jan Karwowski , Jacek Mańdziuk

Search in test time is often used to improve the performance of reinforcement learning algorithms. Performing theoretically sound search in fully adversarial two-player games with imperfect information is notoriously difficult and requires…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Ondrej Kubicek , Neil Burch , Viliam Lisy

We study finite-horizon two-player zero-sum differential games with one-sided payoff information ($G$), where the informed player (P1) knows the game payoff, while P2 only has a public belief over a finite set of possible payoffs. In this…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Mukesh Ghimire , Zhe Xu , Yi Ren

Game theory provides the gold standard for analyzing adversarial engagements, offering strong optimality guarantees. However, these guarantees often become brittle when assumptions such as perfect information are violated. Reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Goutam Das , Michael Dorothy , Kyle Volle , Daigo Shishika

We study the role of local effects and finite size effects in reaching coordination and in equilibrium selection in different types of two-player coordination games. We investigate three update rules -- the replicator dynamics (RD), the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-12-20 Tomasz Raducha , Maxi San Miguel

We study two-player zero-sum stochastic games, and propose a form of independent learning dynamics called Doubly Smoothed Best-Response dynamics, which integrates a discrete and doubly smoothed variant of the best-response dynamics into…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Zaiwei Chen , Kaiqing Zhang , Eric Mazumdar , Asuman Ozdaglar , Adam Wierman

In this paper, we consider two-player zero-sum matrix and stochastic games and develop learning dynamics that are payoff-based, convergent, rational, and symmetric between the two players. Specifically, the learning dynamics for matrix…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Zaiwei Chen , Kaiqing Zhang , Eric Mazumdar , Asuman Ozdaglar , Adam Wierman

Understanding the behavior of no-regret dynamics in general $N$-player games is a fundamental question in online learning and game theory. A folk result in the field states that, in finite games, the empirical frequency of play under…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Lampros Flokas , Emmanouil-Vasileios Vlatakis-Gkaragkounis , Thanasis Lianeas , Panayotis Mertikopoulos , Georgios Piliouras

We consider surveillance-evasion differential games, where a pursuer must try to constantly maintain visibility of a moving evader. The pursuer loses as soon as the evader becomes occluded. Optimal controls for game can be formulated as a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Louis Ly , Yen-Hsi Richard Tsai

We introduce an extension of Strategy Logic for the imperfect-information setting, called SLii, and study its model-checking problem. As this logic naturally captures multi-player games with imperfect information, this problem is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-03-11 Raphaël Berthon , Bastien Maubert , Aniello Murano , Sasha Rubin , Moshe Vardi

We investigate the strategic surplus obtainable against a Follow-the-Regularized-Leader (FTRL) learner with constant step size $\eta$ in $n\times m$ two-player zero-sum games played over $T$ rounds against a clairvoyant optimizer. In…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yiheng Su , Emmanouil-Vasileios Vlatakis-Gkaragkounis