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Integration, just as much as differentiation, is a fundamental calculus tool that is widely used in many scientific domains. Formalizing the mathematical concept of integration and the associated results in a formal proof assistant helps in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Sylvie Boldo , François Clément , Florian Faissole , Vincent Martin , Micaela Mayero

In the theory of time scales, given $\mathbb{T}$ a time scale with at least two distinct elements, an integration theory is developed using ideas already well known as Riemann sums. Another, more daring, approach is to treat an integration…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2024-07-12 Patrick Oliveira

It is well-known that the Lebesgue integral generalises the Riemann integral. However, as is also well-known but less frequently well-explained, this generalisation alone is not the reason why the Lebesgue integral is important and needs to…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2023-09-19 Andrew D. Lewis

This paper provides a new categorification of the Lebesgue integral with variable upper limits by using normed modules over finite-dimensional $\Bbbk$-algebras $\mathit{\Lambda}$ and the category $\mathscr{A}^p_{\mathit{\Lambda}}$…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2025-05-01 Miantao Liu , Yu-Zhe Liu , Shengda Liu

The logic embedding tool provides a procedural encoding for non-classical reasoning problems into classical higher-order logic. It is extensible and can support an increasing number of different non-classical logics as reasoning targets.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Alexander Steen

In this article, we propose a general theory of integration of the Riemann and Lebesgue types with respect to arbitrary measures and functions, connected by a continuous bilinear product, with values in abstract vector spaces endowed with a…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-02 Alexandre Reggiolli Teixeira

In this note we point out that the definition of the universal enveloping dialgebra for a Leibniz algebra is consistent with the interpretation of a Leibniz algebra as a generalization not of a Lie algebra, but of the adjoint representation…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2011-01-21 Jacob Mostovoy

The standard text book theory of ODEs lacks a general method to solve linear equations having variable coefficients, providing instead a collection of special techniques for particular classes of equations. The present article addresses…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2025-12-30 Peter C. Gibson

This text grew out of notes I have used in teaching a one quarter course on integration at the advanced undergraduate level. My intent is to introduce the Lebesgue integral in a quick, and hopefully painless, way and then go on to…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2009-08-10 John Franks

The process of integration was a subject of significant development during the last century. Despite that the Lebesgue integral is complete and has many good properties, its inability to integrate all derivatives prompted the introduction…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2011-01-26 Elena Toneva

This Note revisits the Leibnitz integral calculus method based on differentiation under the integral sign with respect to a parameter either already existing or introduced ad hoc. Through several cases exemplifying the method, it is shown…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2023-08-21 Jean-Luc Boulnois

We present a new type of integral that is supposed to extend the usability of the Lebesgue integral in certain types of investigations. It is based on the Hausdorff dimension and measure. We examine the basic properties of the integral and…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2024-01-23 Attila Losonczi

In this paper we develop a theory of integration for locally band preserving functions, introduced by Ercan and Wickstead, on Dedekind complete $f$-algebras. Specifically, we construct Darboux and Riemann integrals and show that they are…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-01 Eder Kikianty , Luan Naude , Mark Roelands , Christopher Schwanke

This course, intended for undergraduates familiar with elementary calculus and linear algebra, introduces the extension of differential calculus to functions on more general vector spaces, such as functions that take as input a matrix and…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-01-28 Paige Bright , Alan Edelman , Steven G. Johnson

Many possible definitions have been proposed for fractional derivatives and integrals, starting from the classical Riemann-Liouville formula and its generalisations and modifying it by replacing the power function kernel with other kernel…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2021-05-03 Arran Fernandez , Mehmet Ali Ozarslan , Dumitru Baleanu

We introduce the linear operators of fractional integration and fractional differentiation in the framework of the Riemann-Liouville fractional calculus. Particular attention is devoted to the technique of Laplace transforms for treating…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2008-05-27 Rudolf Gorenflo , Francesco Mainardi

Differential lambda-calculus was first introduced by Thomas Ehrhard and Laurent Regnier in 2003. Despite more than 15 years of history, little work has been done on a differential calculus with integration. In this paper, we shall propose a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Han Xu , Zhenjiang Hu

This course on Feynman integrals starts from the basics, requiring only knowledge from special relativity and undergraduate mathematics. Topics from quantum field theory and advanced mathematics are introduced as they are needed. The course…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-06-15 Stefan Weinzierl

Based on previous work we consturct an equation (Lagrange equation) and relate it with a system of generalized integrals and differential equations in such a way to provide useful evaluations and connections between them.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-09-26 Nikos Bagis

In this short note, we provide an elementary complex analytic method for converting known real integrals into numerous strange and interesting looking real integrals.

History and Overview · Mathematics 2009-11-05 Josh Isralowitz