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Managing power grids with the increasing presence of variable renewable energy-based (distributed) generation involves solving high-dimensional optimization tasks at short intervals. Linearizing the AC power flow (PF) constraints is a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-09 Yuhao Chen , Manish K. Singh

The optimal power flow (OPF) problem is fundamental in power system operations and planning. Large-scale renewable penetration in distribution networks calls for real-time feedback control, and hence the need for fast and distributed…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-05-19 Qiuyu Peng , Steven H. Low

Existing algorithms to solve alternating-current optimal power flow (AC-OPF) often exploit linear approximations to simplify system models and accelerate computations. In this paper, we improve a recent hierarchical OPF algorithm, which…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-02-09 Heng Liang , Xinyang Zhou , Changhong Zhao

Solving the non-convex optimal power flow (OPF) problem for large-scale power distribution systems is computationally expensive. An alternative is to solve the relaxed convex problem or linear approximated problem, but these methods lead to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-09 Rabayet Sadnan , Anamika Dubey

Optimal power flow (OPF) is an important problem for power generation and it is in general non-convex. With the employment of renewable energy, it will be desirable if OPF can be solved very efficiently so its solution can be used in real…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2011-09-27 Albert Y. S. Lam , Baosen Zhang , David Tse

The primary goal of Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is to optimize the operation of a power system while meeting the demand and adhering to operational constraints. This paper presents a new approach for AC OPF. First, the approach constructs a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Mohammed N. Khamees , Kai Sun

Fast and reliable solvers for optimal power flow (OPF) problems are attracting surging research interest. As surrogates of physical-model-based OPF solvers, neural network (NN) solvers can accelerate the solving process. However, they may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-11 Zuntao Hu , Hongcai Zhang

We explore machine learning methods for AC Optimal Powerflow (ACOPF) - the task of optimizing power generation in a transmission network according while respecting physical and engineering constraints. We present two formulations of ACOPF…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Neel Guha , Zhecheng Wang , Matt Wytock , Arun Majumdar

Optimal power flow (OPF) is a central problem in the operation of electric power systems. An OPF problem optimizes a specified objective function subject to constraints imposed by both the non-linear power flow equations and engineering…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-04-13 Mohammad Rasoul Narimani , Daniel K. Molzahn Dan Wu , Mariesa L. Crow

The energy transition is driving the integration of large shares of intermittent power sources in the electric power grid. Therefore, addressing the AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) effectively becomes increasingly essential. The AC-OPF,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-08 Anna Varbella , Damien Briens , Blazhe Gjorgiev , Giuseppe Alessio D'Inverno , Giovanni Sansavini

Linear optimal power flow (LOPF) algorithms use a linearization of the alternating current (AC) load flow equations to optimize generator dispatch in a network subject to the loading constraints of the network branches. Common algorithms…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2018-02-01 Jonas Hörsch , Henrik Ronellenfitsch , Dirk Witthaut , Tom Brown

Recent developments in applying machine learning to address Alternating Current Optimal Power Flow (AC OPF) problems have demonstrated significant potential in providing close to optimal solutions for generator dispatch in near real-time.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 Vincenzo Di Vito , Mostafa Mohammadian , Kyri Baker , Ferdinando Fioretto

Learning to solve the Alternating Current Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) problem by neural networks (NNs) is a promising approach in real-time applications. Existing methods to ensure the physical feasibility of NN outputs embed a power flow…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jiebao Zhang , Haoyu Yan , Zhichao Sheng , Hongwen Yu , Shuang Ye , Haoyu Wang , Ye Shi

Optimal power flow (OPF) is a fundamental tool for analyzing the characteristics of bipolar DC distribution network (DCDN). However, existing OPF models face challenges in reflecting the power distribution and exchange of bipolar DCDN…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-06 Yiyao Zhou , Qianggang Wang , Yuan Chi , Jianquan Liao , Tao Huang , Niancheng Zhou , Xiaolong Xu , Xuefei Zhang

In this paper, we propose a graph neural network architecture to solve the AC power flow problem under realistic constraints. To ensure a safe and resilient operation of distribution grids, AC power flow calculations are the means of choice…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Luis Böttcher , Hinrikus Wolf , Bastian Jung , Philipp Lutat , Marc Trageser , Oliver Pohl , Andreas Ulbig , Martin Grohe

The modern power grid is witnessing a shift in operations from traditional control methods to more advanced operational mechanisms. Due to the nonconvex nature of the Alternating Current Optimal Power Flow (ACOPF) problem and the need for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-30 Junfei Wang , Pirathayini Srikantha

Solving optimal power flow (OPF) problems for large distribution networks incurs high computational complexity. We consider a large multi-phase distribution network of tree topology with a deep penetration of active devices. We divide the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-09-10 Xinyang Zhou , Yue Chen , Zhiyuan Liu , Changhong Zhao , Lijun Chen

AC Optimal Power Flow (ACOPF) is computationally intensive for large-scale grids, often requiring prohibitive solution times with conventional solvers. Machine learning offers significant speedups, but existing models struggle with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Olayiwola Arowolo , Jochen L. Cremer

Optimal power flow (OPF) is an important tool for Independent System Operators (ISOs) to deal with the power generation management. With the increasing penetration of renewable energy into power grids, challenges arise in tackling the OPF…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-27 Jia Yang , Jun Song , Chaoyue Zhao

With increasing share of renewables in power generation mix, system operators would need to run Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problems closer to real-time to better manage uncertainty. Given that OPF is an expensive optimization problem to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-22 Alex Robson , Mahdi Jamei , Cozmin Ududec , Letif Mones