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We address the challenge of adopting language models (LMs) for embodied tasks in dynamic environments, where online access to large-scale inference engines or symbolic planners is constrained due to latency, connectivity, and resource…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Wonje Choi , Jooyoung Kim , Honguk Woo

We introduce DeepProbLog, a neural probabilistic logic programming language that incorporates deep learning by means of neural predicates. We show how existing inference and learning techniques of the underlying probabilistic logic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-26 Robin Manhaeve , Sebastijan Dumančić , Angelika Kimmig , Thomas Demeester , Luc De Raedt

A key objective in the field of artificial intelligence is to develop cognitive models that can exhibit human-like intellectual capabilities. One promising approach to achieving this is through neural-symbolic systems, which combine the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Dongran Yu , Xueyan Liu , Shirui Pan , Anchen Li , Bo Yang

Neurosymbolic learning enables the integration of symbolic reasoning with deep learning but faces significant challenges in scaling to complex symbolic programs, large datasets, or both. We introduce DOLPHIN, a framework that tackles these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Aaditya Naik , Jason Liu , Claire Wang , Amish Sethi , Saikat Dutta , Mayur Naik , Eric Wong

To handle AI tasks that combine perception and logical reasoning, recent work introduces Neurosymbolic Deep Neural Networks (NS-DNNs), which contain -- in addition to traditional neural layers -- symbolic layers: symbolic expressions (e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Aaron Bembenek , Toby Murray

Knowledge representation and reasoning in neural networks have been a long-standing endeavor which has attracted much attention recently. The principled integration of reasoning and learning in neural networks is a main objective of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Son Tran , Edjard Mota , Artur d'Avila Garcez

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong general-purpose reasoning capabilities, yet they frequently hallucinate when used as world models (WMs), where strict compliance with deterministic transition rules--particularly in corner…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Hongyu Zhao , Siyu Zhou , Haolin Yang , Zengyi Qin , Tianyi Zhou

Neuro-symbolic AI bridges the gap between purely symbolic and neural approaches to learning. This often requires maximizing the likelihood of a symbolic constraint w.r.t the neural network's output distribution. Such output distributions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Kareem Ahmed , Kai-Wei Chang , Guy Van den Broeck

Although Answer Set Programming (ASP) allows constraining neural-symbolic (NeSy) systems, its employment is hindered by the prohibitive costs of computing stable models and the CPU-bound nature of state-of-the-art solvers. To this end, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Arseny Skryagin , Daniel Ochs , Phillip Deibert , Simon Kohaut , Devendra Singh Dhami , Kristian Kersting

Over the last few decades, Artificial Intelligence (AI) scientists have been conducting investigations to attain human-level performance by a machine in accomplishing a cognitive task. Within machine learning, the ultimate aspiration is to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Delower Hossain , Jake Y Chen

Neuro-Symbolic AI (NeSy) holds promise to ensure the safe deployment of AI systems, as interpretable symbolic techniques provide formal behaviour guarantees. The challenge is how to effectively integrate neural and symbolic computation, to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Daniel Cunnington , Mark Law , Jorge Lobo , Alessandra Russo

Simulation-Based Inference (SBI) is a common name for an emerging family of approaches that infer the model parameters when the likelihood is intractable. Existing SBI methods either approximate the likelihood, such as Approximate Bayesian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Theo Gruner , Boris Belousov , Fabio Muratore , Daniel Palenicek , Jan Peters

To create usable and deployable Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, there requires a level of assurance in performance under many different conditions. Many times, deployed machine learning systems will require more classic logic and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Luke E. Richards , Jessie Yaros , Jasen Babcock , Coung Ly , Robin Cosbey , Timothy Doster , Cynthia Matuszek

The A* algorithm is commonly used to solve NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems. When provided with a completely informed heuristic function, A* solves many NP-hard minimum-cost path problems in time polynomial in the branching…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Sumedh Pendurkar , Taoan Huang , Sven Koenig , Guni Sharon

Current advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have achieved unprecedented impact across research communities and industry. Nevertheless, concerns about trust, safety, interpretability and accountability of AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Artur d'Avila Garcez , Luis C. Lamb

In this study, we introduce application of Neurosymbolic Artificial Intelligence (NSAI) for predicting the impact strength of additive manufactured polylactic acid (PLA) components, representing the first-ever use of NSAI in the domain of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Akshansh Mishra , Vijaykumar S Jatti

Neuro-symbolic artificial intelligence (NSAI) represents a transformative approach in artificial intelligence (AI) by combining deep learning's ability to handle large-scale and unstructured data with the structured reasoning of symbolic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Oualid Bougzime , Samir Jabbar , Christophe Cruz , Frédéric Demoly

The ubiquitous independence assumption among symbolic concepts in neurosymbolic (NeSy) predictors is a convenient simplification: NeSy predictors use it to speed up probabilistic reasoning. Recent works like van Krieken et al. (2024) and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Emile van Krieken , Pasquale Minervini , Edoardo Ponti , Antonio Vergari

Neurosymbolic (NeSy) predictors combine neural perception with symbolic reasoning to solve tasks like visual reasoning. However, standard NeSy predictors assume conditional independence between the symbols they extract, thus limiting their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Emile van Krieken , Pasquale Minervini , Edoardo Ponti , Antonio Vergari

This survey explores the integration of learning and reasoning in two different fields of artificial intelligence: neurosymbolic and statistical relational artificial intelligence. Neurosymbolic artificial intelligence (NeSy) studies the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Giuseppe Marra , Sebastijan Dumančić , Robin Manhaeve , Luc De Raedt