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Since 2006, deep learning (DL) has become a rapidly growing research direction, redefining state-of-the-art performances in a wide range of areas such as object recognition, image segmentation, speech recognition and machine translation. In…

Machine Science, or Data-driven Research, is a new and interesting scientific methodology that uses advanced computational techniques to identify, retrieve, classify and analyse data in order to generate hypotheses and develop models. In…

In recent years, machine learning has transitioned from a field of academic research interest to a field capable of solving real-world business problems. However, the deployment of machine learning models in production systems can present a…

The combination of deep learning image analysis methods and large-scale imaging datasets offers many opportunities to imaging neuroscience and epidemiology. However, despite the success of deep learning when applied to many neuroimaging…

This paper attempts to address the issues of machine learning in its current implementation. It is known that machine learning algorithms require a significant amount of data for training purposes, whereas recent developments in deep…

Machine Learning (ML) is one of the most exciting and dynamic areas of modern research and application. The purpose of this review is to provide an introduction to the core concepts and tools of machine learning in a manner easily…

Machine learning (ML) provides a broad spectrum of tools and architectures that enable the transformation of data from simulations and experiments into useful and explainable science, thereby augmenting domain knowledge. Furthermore,…

Machine learning can provide deep insights into data, allowing machines to make high-quality predictions and having been widely used in real-world applications, such as text mining, visual classification, and recommender systems. However,…

The global need for effective disease diagnosis remains substantial, given the complexities of various disease mechanisms and diverse patient symptoms. To tackle these challenges, researchers, physicians, and patients are turning to machine…

Globally, there is a substantial unmet need to diagnose various diseases effectively. The complexity of the different disease mechanisms and underlying symptoms of the patient population presents massive challenges to developing the early…

Many of the current scientific advances in the life sciences have their origin in the intensive use of data for knowledge discovery. In no area this is so clear as in bioinformatics, led by technological breakthroughs in data acquisition…

This paper surveys the machine learning literature and presents in an optimization framework several commonly used machine learning approaches. Particularly, mathematical optimization models are presented for regression, classification,…

Deep learning has received extensive research interest in developing new medical image processing algorithms, and deep learning based models have been remarkably successful in a variety of medical imaging tasks to support disease detection…

This paper considers the use of Machine Learning (ML) in medicine by focusing on the main problem that this computational approach has been aimed at solving or at least minimizing: uncertainty. To this aim, we point out how uncertainty is…

Artificial intelligence has made remarkable progress in handling complex tasks, thanks to advances in hardware acceleration and machine learning algorithms. However, to acquire more accurate outcomes and solve more complex issues,…

The discussions around Artificial Intelligence (AI) and medical imaging are centered around the success of deep learning algorithms. As new algorithms enter the market, it is important for practicing radiologists to understand the pitfalls…

In this article, we first give an introduction to artificial intelligence and its applications in biology and medicine in Section 1. Deep learning methods are then described in Section 2. We narrow down the focus of the study on textual…

Machine learning (ML) pervades an increasing number of academic disciplines and industries. Its impact is profound, and several fields have been fundamentally altered by it, autonomy and computer vision for example; reliability engineering…

The recent development of imaging and sequencing technologies enables systematic advances in the clinical study of lung cancer. Meanwhile, the human mind is limited in effectively handling and fully utilizing the accumulation of such…

Context: Machine Learning (ML) is integrated into a growing number of systems for various applications. Because the performance of an ML model is highly dependent on the quality of the data it has been trained on, there is a growing…