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The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) codes are known to achieve optimal rates under displacement noise and pure loss channels, which establishes theoretical foundations for its optimality. However, such optimal rates are only known to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-27 Mahadevan Subramanian , Guo Zheng , Liang Jiang

We propose two schemes to obtain Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) error syndromes by means of linear optical operations, homodyne measurements and GKP ancillae. This includes showing that for a concatenation of GKP codes with a $[n,k,d]$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-04 Frank Schmidt , Peter van Loock

The early Gottesman, Kitaev, and Preskill (GKP) proposal for encoding a qubit in an oscillator has recently been followed by cat- and binomial-code proposals. Numerically optimized codes have also been proposed, and we introduce new codes…

Continuous-variable quantum computing architectures based upon the Gottesmann-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) encoding have emerged as a promising candidate because one can achieve fault-tolerance with a probabilistic supply of GKP states and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-07 Matthew P. Stafford , Nicolas C. Menicucci

Straightforward logical operations contrasting with complex state preparation are the hallmarks of the bosonic encoding proposed by Gottesman, Kitaev and Preskill (GKP). The recently reported generation and error-correction of GKP qubits in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-20 Christian Siegele , Philippe Campagne-Ibarcq

We study the code obtained by concatenating the standard single-mode Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code with the surface code. We show that the noise tolerance of this surface-GKP code with respect to (Gaussian) displacement errors…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-18 Lisa Hänggli , Margret Heinze , Robert Koenig

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) encoding of a qubit into a bosonic mode is a promising bosonic code for quantum computation due to its tolerance for noise and all-Gaussian gate set. We present a toolkit for phase-space description and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-26 Lucas J. Mensen , Ben Q. Baragiola , Nicolas C. Menicucci

Bosonic codes offer noise resilience for quantum information processing. Good performance often comes at a price of complex decoding schemes, limiting their practicality. Here, we propose using a Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-28 Kosuke Fukui , Takaya Matsuura , Nicolas C. Menicucci

Bosonic quantum error correction is a viable option for realizing error-corrected quantum information processing in continuous-variable bosonic systems. Various single-mode bosonic quantum error-correcting codes such as cat, binomial, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-14 Kyungjoo Noh , Christopher Chamberland

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code was proposed in 2001 by Daniel Gottesman, Alexei Kitaev, and John Preskill as a way to encode a qubit in an oscillator. The GKP codewords are coherent superpositions of periodically displaced…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-25 Arne L. Grimsmo , Shruti Puri

Quantum repeaters constitute a promising platform for enabling long distance quantum communication and may ultimately serve as the backbone of a secure quantum internet, a scalable quantum network, or a distributed quantum computer. An…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-13 S. Nibedita Swain , Timothy C. Ralph

Bosonic quantum error correction encodes a logical qubit in an oscillator, avoiding the hardware overhead of large qubit arrays. Among such encodings, Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) states are paticularly powerful because their phase-space…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Zi-Xu Lu , Gang Liu , Matteo Fadel , Jie Li

Quantum error correction has recently been shown to benefit greatly from specific physical encodings of the code qubits. In particular, several researchers have considered the individual code qubits being encoded with the continuous…

Both discrete and continuous systems can be used to encode quantum information. Most quantum computation schemes propose encoding qubits in two-level systems, such as a two-level atom or an electron spin. Others exploit the use of an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-05-18 Hilma Vasconcelos , Liliana Sanz , Scott Glancy

Quantum error correction codes protect information from realistic noisy channels and lie at the heart of quantum computation and communication tasks. Understanding the optimal performance and other information-theoretic properties, such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-10 Guo Zheng , Wenhao He , Gideon Lee , Kyungjoo Noh , Liang Jiang

To be useful, quantum computers will be required to successfully correct errors occurring at the hardware level. Bosonic codes provide a hardware-efficient option for error correction, but fault-tolerance further requires that the available…

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) encoding of a qubit within an oscillator is particularly appealing for fault-tolerant quantum computing with bosons because Gaussian operations on encoded Pauli eigenstates enable Clifford quantum…

Classically simulating circuits with bosonic codes is challenging due to the prohibitive cost of simulating quantum systems with many, possibly infinite, energy levels. We propose an algorithm to simulate circuits with encoded…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Cameron Calcluth , Oliver Hahn , Juani Bermejo-Vega , Alessandro Ferraro , Giulia Ferrini

A quantum computer with low-error, high-speed quantum operations and capability for interconnections is required for useful quantum computations. A logical qubit called Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) qubit in a single Bosonic harmonic…

A promising route towards fault-tolerant quantum error correction is the concatenation of a Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code with a qubit code. Development of such concatenated codes requires simulation tools which realistically model…