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Interpretability of learning-to-rank models is a crucial yet relatively under-examined research area. Recent progress on interpretable ranking models largely focuses on generating post-hoc explanations for existing black-box ranking models,…

Attribution methods provide an insight into the decision-making process of machine learning models, especially deep neural networks, by assigning contribution scores to each individual feature. However, the attribution problem has not been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Huiqi Deng , Na Zou , Mengnan Du , Weifu Chen , Guocan Feng , Xia Hu

Feature attribution, the ability to localize regions of the input data that are relevant for classification, is an important capability for ML models in scientific and biomedical domains. Current methods for feature attribution, which rely…

There has been a recent push in making machine learning models more interpretable so that their performance can be trusted. Although successful, these methods have mostly focused on the deep learning methods while the fundamental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-16 David Steinmann , Matej Zečević , Devendra Singh Dhami , Kristian Kersting

Feature attribution methods, proposed recently, help users interpret the predictions of complex models. Our approach integrates feature attributions into the objective function to allow machine learning practitioners to incorporate priors…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-21 Frederick Liu , Besim Avci

Integrated Gradients (IG) is a widely used attribution method in explainable AI, particularly in computer vision applications where reliable feature attribution is essential. A key limitation of IG is its sensitivity to the choice of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-21 Kien Tran Duc Tuan , Tam Nguyen Trong , Son Nguyen Hoang , Khoat Than , Anh Nguyen Duc

In recent studies, the generalization properties for distributed learning and random features assumed the existence of the target concept over the hypothesis space. However, this strict condition is not applicable to the more common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Jian Li , Yong Liu , Weiping Wang

Recent work has found that adversarially-robust deep networks used for image classification are more interpretable: their feature attributions tend to be sharper, and are more concentrated on the objects associated with the image's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Zifan Wang , Matt Fredrikson , Anupam Datta

Interpretable machine learning offers insights into what factors drive a certain prediction of a black-box system. A large number of interpreting methods focus on identifying explanatory input features, which generally fall into two main…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Vy Vo , Van Nguyen , Trung Le , Quan Hung Tran , Gholamreza Haffari , Seyit Camtepe , Dinh Phung

We discuss a vulnerability involving a category of attribution methods used to provide explanations for the outputs of convolutional neural networks working as classifiers. It is known that this type of networks are vulnerable to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Miguel Lerma , Mirtha Lucas

In large deep neural networks that seem to perform surprisingly well on many tasks, we also observe a few failures related to accuracy, social biases, and alignment with human values, among others. Therefore, before deploying these models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Som Sagar , Aditya Taparia , Ransalu Senanayake

This paper studies the robustness of feature attribution methods for deep neural networks. It challenges the current notion of attributional robustness that largely ignores the difference in the model's outputs and introduces a new way of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Panagiota Kiourti , Anu Singh , Preeti Duraipandian , Weichao Zhou , Wenchao Li

AI explainability improves the transparency of models, making them more trustworthy. Such goals are motivated by the emergence of deep learning models, which are obscure by nature; even in the domain of images, where deep learning has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Anna Arias-Duart , Ferran Parés , Dario Garcia-Gasulla , Victor Gimenez-Abalos

An emerging problem in trustworthy machine learning is to train models that produce robust interpretations for their predictions. We take a step towards solving this problem through the lens of axiomatic attribution of neural networks. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Jiefeng Chen , Xi Wu , Vaibhav Rastogi , Yingyu Liang , Somesh Jha

Good quality explanations strengthen the understanding of language models and data. Feature attribution methods, such as Integrated Gradient, are a type of post-hoc explainer that can provide token-level insights. However, explanations on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jonathan Kamp , Roos Bakker , Dominique Blok

Local explanation methods, also known as attribution methods, attribute a deep network's prediction to its input (cf. Baehrens et al. (2010)). We respond to the claim from Adebayo et al. (2018) that local explanation methods lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-13 Mukund Sundararajan , Ankur Taly

Attribution explanation is a typical approach for explaining deep neural networks (DNNs), inferring an importance or contribution score for each input variable to the final output. In recent years, numerous attribution methods have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Huiqi Deng , Hongbin Pei , Quanshi Zhang , Mengnan Du

Feature attribution is widely used in interpretable machine learning to explain how influential each measured input feature value is for an output inference. However, measurements can be uncertain, and it is unclear how the awareness of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Danding Wang , Wencan Zhang , Brian Y. Lim

Deep neural networks are very successful on many vision tasks, but hard to interpret due to their black box nature. To overcome this, various post-hoc attribution methods have been proposed to identify image regions most influential to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Sukrut Rao , Moritz Böhle , Bernt Schiele

Feature attribution methods attempt to explain neural network predictions by identifying relevant features. However, establishing a cohesive framework for assessing feature attribution remains a challenge. There are several views through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Yawei Li , Yang Zhang , Kenji Kawaguchi , Ashkan Khakzar , Bernd Bischl , Mina Rezaei