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In real-world multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) applications, agents may not have perfect state information (e.g., due to inaccurate measurement or malicious attacks), which challenges the robustness of agents' policies. Though…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Sihong He , Songyang Han , Sanbao Su , Shuo Han , Shaofeng Zou , Fei Miao

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) has shown great potential as an adaptive solution for addressing modern cybersecurity challenges. MARL enables decentralized, adaptive, and collaborative defense strategies and provides an automated…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Christoph R. Landolt , Christoph Würsch , Roland Meier , Alain Mermoud , Julian Jang-Jaccard

Modern approaches to autonomous driving rely heavily on learned components trained with large amounts of human driving data via imitation learning. However, these methods require large amounts of expensive data collection and even then face…

Ensuring safety in dynamic multi-agent systems is challenging due to limited information about the other agents. Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) are showing promise for safety assurance but current methods make strong assumptions about…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Luigi Berducci , Shuo Yang , Rahul Mangharam , Radu Grosu

Achieving distributed reinforcement learning (RL) for large-scale cooperative multi-agent systems (MASs) is challenging because: (i) each agent has access to only limited information; (ii) issues on convergence or computational complexity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Gangshan Jing , He Bai , Jemin George , Aranya Chakrabortty , Piyush K. Sharma

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is a promising area of research that can model and control multiple, autonomous decision-making agents. During online training, MARL algorithms involve performance-intensive computations such as…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Kailash Gogineni , Peng Wei , Tian Lan , Guru Venkataramani

Intensive algorithmic efforts have been made to enable the rapid improvements of certificated robustness for complex ML models recently. However, current robustness certification methods are only able to certify under a limited perturbation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Zhuolin Yang , Zhikuan Zhao , Boxin Wang , Jiawei Zhang , Linyi Li , Hengzhi Pei , Bojan Karlas , Ji Liu , Heng Guo , Ce Zhang , Bo Li

This paper serves to introduce the reader to the field of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) and its intersection with methods from the study of causality. We highlight key challenges in MARL and discuss these in the context of how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-02 St John Grimbly , Jonathan Shock , Arnu Pretorius

Safe reinforcement learning (RL) seeks to mitigate unsafe behaviors that arise from exploration during training by reducing constraint violations while maintaining task performance. Existing approaches typically rely on a single policy to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Murad Dawood , Usama Ahmed Siddiquie , Shahram Khorshidi , Maren Bennewitz

Recent advances in reinforcement learning (RL) heavily rely on a variety of well-designed benchmarks, which provide environmental platforms and consistent criteria to evaluate existing and novel algorithms. Specifically, in multi-agent RL…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Wenzhe Li , Zihan Ding , Seth Karten , Chi Jin

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) holds significant promise for enabling cooperative driving among Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs). However, its practical application is hindered by a critical limitation, i.e., insufficient…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Yuchen Shi , Huaxin Pei , Yi Zhang , Danya Yao

Many challenging tasks such as managing traffic systems, electricity grids, or supply chains involve complex decision-making processes that must balance multiple conflicting objectives and coordinate the actions of various independent…

While Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has achieved remarkable success across various domains, it remains vulnerable to occasional catastrophic failures without additional safeguards. An effective solution to prevent these failures is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Kyungmin Kim , Davide Corsi , Andoni Rodriguez , JB Lanier , Benjami Parellada , Pierre Baldi , Cesar Sanchez , Roy Fox

Safe reinforcement learning (RL) that solves constraint-satisfactory policies provides a promising way to the broader safety-critical applications of RL in real-world problems such as robotics. Among all safe RL approaches, model-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Dongjie Yu , Wenjun Zou , Yujie Yang , Haitong Ma , Shengbo Eben Li , Jingliang Duan , Jianyu Chen

Safe reinforcement learning (Safe RL) refers to a class of techniques that aim to prevent RL algorithms from violating constraints in the process of decision-making and exploration during trial and error. In this paper, a novel model-free…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-14 Homayoun Honari , Mehran Ghafarian Tamizi , Homayoun Najjaran

Intelligent transportation systems require connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) to conduct safe and efficient cooperation with human-driven vehicles (HVs) in complex real-world traffic environments. However, the inherent unpredictability…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Jie Pan , Tianyi Wang , Christian Claudel , Jing Shi

Analysing learning in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) environments is challenging, in particular with respect to \textit{individual} decision-making. Practitioners frequently struggle to compare training runs due to the inherent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-29 James Rudd-Jones , María Pérez-Ortiz , Mirco Musolesi

Reinforcement learning (RL), while powerful and expressive, can often prioritize performance at the expense of safety. Yet safety violations can lead to catastrophic outcomes in real-world deployments. Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) offer…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Lizhi Yang , Blake Werner , Massimiliano de Sa , Aaron D. Ames

Meta reinforcement learning (RL) allows agents to leverage experience across a distribution of tasks on which the agent can train at will, enabling faster learning of optimal policies on new test tasks. Despite its success in improving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Tingting Ni , Maryam Kamgarpour

Stochastic multi-agent systems are a central modeling framework for autonomous controllers, communication protocols, and cyber-physical infrastructures. In many such systems, however, transition probabilities are only estimated from data…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Raphaël Berthon , Joost-Pieter Katoen , Munyque Mittelmann , Aniello Murano