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Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) offers an approach to achieve a potential high secret key rate (SKR) in metropolitan areas. There are several challenges in developing a practical CV-QKD system from the laboratory to…

Information reconciliation is crucial for continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) because its performance affects the secret key rate and maximal secure transmission distance. Fixed-rate error correction codes limit the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-11 Chao Zhou , Xiangyu Wang , Yi-Chen Zhang , Zhiguo Zhang , Song Yu , Hong Guo

We use single homodyne detector to accomplish Continuous-Variable quantum key distribution(CV QKD) in a laboratory and urban environment free-space channel. This is based on Gaussian modulation with coherent-states in the polarization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Shi-Yang Shen , Ming-Wei Dai , Xue-Tao Zheng , Qi-Yao Sun , Bing Zhu , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Fu Han

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) enables two remote parties to establish information-theoretically secure keys and offers high practical feasibility due to its compatibility with mature coherent optical communication…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-18 Yanhao Sun , Jiayu Ma , Xiangyu Wang , Song Yu , Ziyang Chen , Hong Guo

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) enables remote users to share high-rate and unconditionally secure secret keys while maintaining compatibility with classical optical communication networks and effective resistance…

Twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) promises ultra-long secure key distribution which surpasses the rate distance limit and can reduce the number of the trusted nodes in long-haul quantum network. Tremendous efforts have been made…

Mode-pairing quantum key distribution (MP-QKD) offers significant potential for long-distance secure communication, benefiting from its quadratic scaling capacity and phase compensation-free characteristic. However, MP-QKD still requires…

Building scalable and secure quantum networks requires advanced quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols that support multi-user connectivity. Continuous-variable (CV) measurement-device-independent (MDI) QKD, which eliminates all detector…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-18 Adnan A. E. Hajomer , Ulrik L Andersen , Tobias Gehring

This paper proposes a multi-mode Gaussian modulated continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) scheme able to operate at high bandwidth despite using conventional noisy, coherent detectors. We demonstrate enhancement in shotnoise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Rupesh Kumar , Xinke Tang , Adrian Wonfor , Richard Penty , Ian White

Establishing secure data communication necessitates secure key exchange over a public channel. Quantum key distribution (QKD), which leverages the principles of quantum physics, can achieve this with information-theoretic security. The…

Secure key rate (SKR) of point-point quantum key distribution (QKD) is fundamentally bounded by the rate-loss limit. Recent breakthrough of twin-field (TF) QKD can overcome this limit and enables long distance quantum communication, but its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-08 Lai Zhou , Jinping Lin , Yuan-Mei Xie , Yu-Shuo Lu , Yumang Jing , Hua-Lei Yin , Zhiliang Yuan

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV QKD) with discrete modulation has attracted increasing attention due to its experimental simplicity, lower-cost implementation and compatibility with classical optical communication.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-27 Zhi-Ping Liu , Min-Gang Zhou , Wen-Bo Liu , Chen-Long Li , Jie Gu , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

We report a demonstration of quantum key distribution (QKD) over a standard telecom fiber exceeding 50 dB in loss and 250 km in length. The differential phase shift QKD protocol was chosen and implemented with 2 GHz system clock rate. By…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-21 Shuang Wang , Wei Chen , Jun-Fu Guo , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Hong-Wei Li , Zheng Zhou , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Fu Han

A coherent transmission methodology for a continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) system based on quantum-heterodyne measurement through a coherent intradyne receiver is experimentally demonstrated in the framework of 5G…

We demonstrate quantum key distribution (QKD) with bidirectional 10 Gb/s classical data channels in a single fiber using dense wavelength division multiplexing. Record secure key rates of 2.38 Mbps and fiber distances up to 70 km are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-10 K. A. Patel , J. F. Dynes , M. Lucamarini , I. Choi , A. W. Sharpe , Z. L. Yuan , R. V. Penty , A. J. Shields

An integrated error-correction scheme with high throughput, low frame errors rate (FER) and high reconciliation efficiency under low signal to noise ratio (SNR) is one of the major bottlenecks to realize high-performance and low-cost…

The advent of quantum computers has significantly challenged the security of traditional cryptographic systems, prompting a surge in research on quantum key distribution (QKD). Among various QKD approaches, continuous-variable QKD (CVQKD)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-26 Xiaojuan Liao , Yuehan Xu , Qijun Zhang , Peng Huang , Tao Wang , Kaizhi Wang , Guihua Zeng

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables two remote parties to share encryption keys with information-theoretic security guaranteed by physical laws. Side-channel-secure QKD (SCS-QKD) has attracted considerable attention because it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Yang Zhou , Jing-Yang Liu , Chun-Hui Zhang , Chun-Wang Yi , Teng-Wen Jiang , Le-Chen Xu , Qin Wang

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) enables secure communication over standard telecom infrastructure, yet its scaling is stalled by bulky, discrete optical hardware. We address this bottleneck by demonstrating a real-time…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) theoretically provides unconditional security between remote parties. However, guaranteeing practical security through device characterisation alone is challenging in real-world implementations due to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Hao Dong , Cong Jiang , Di Ma , Chi Zhang , Jia Huang , Hao Li , Li-Xing You , Yang Liu , Xiang-Bin Wang , Qiang Zhang , Jian-Wei Pan